Term
| How does a virus enter the body via the respiratory system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What external factors affect the success of aerosol transmission? |
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Definition
-atmospheric humidity
-close contant |
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Term
| How do enteric viruses enter the body? How do they survive?Examples? |
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Definition
-use the digestive tract
-resistant to the environmant, low pH in thestomach, detergent action of bile, and action of proteolytic digestive enzymes
-ex: rotavirus and enterovirus |
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Term
| In the case of which virus does the enzymatic degradation of the outer capsid wall enhance the infectivity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Other than digestive tract and aerosolization, what are a few of the other ways that viruses and transmitted? |
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Definition
-sexual transmission
-blood or blood products
-food transmission
-contaminated wastewater
-insects
-fomites |
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Term
| Definition: Non-sytopathic viruses |
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Definition
| -viruses that reside and replicate within cells without damaging or killing them |
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Term
| True or False: Cells that are persistently infected with a virus continuously release infectious virus particales while showing no cytopathology? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do retrovirusescause latent infections in lymphocytes? |
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Definition
| -viral genome is integrated into the cell genome (provirus) |
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Term
| Give an example of a con-cytopathic virus? |
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Definition
| -bovine virus diarrhea virus |
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Term
| Do cells that are latently infected have the virus replicate or not? Does the cell produce infectious particles? |
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Definition
-no, the virus is not replicating
-no |
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Term
Definition: Viral recrudescence
-what can cause this |
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Definition
-term used to denote virus replication in a cell that was latently infected
-precipitated by stress, cytokines, irritation, etc |
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Term
| Herpesviruses cause latent infections in what kind of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Retroviruses (HIV, FIV) cause a latent infection in what kind of cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is West Nile Virus transmitted? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of animal is highly susceptible to WNV? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which animals are dead end hosts of WNV? |
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Definition
| -humans and horses are dead end hosts |
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Term
| What animal is affected by Bluetonge Virus? Is it a DNA or RNA virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is Bluetonge Virus transmitted? |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition: Arthrogryposis |
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Definition
| -some joints don't move as much as normal and can be stuck in one position |
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Term
| Definition: Hydranencephaly |
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Definition
| -brain's cerebral hemispheres are absent to varying degrees and the remaining cranial cavity is filled with CSF |
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Term
| Is poxvirus zoonotic? How does it present in humans if it is? |
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Definition
-yes
-painful lesion on fingers |
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Term
| Is rabies a DNA or RNA virus? In which animals is it most commonly found? |
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Definition
-RNA
-dogs, raccoons, skunks |
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Term
| Where in the body does rabies virus stay? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three factors that affect the incubation period of rabies? |
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Definition
1) dose of inoculum
2) severity of the wound
3) length of neural path from the wound to the brain |
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Term
| What are the two methods a virus can employ to enter the CNS? |
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Definition
-via the peripheral nerves via axon cytoplasm flow
-via the blood stream: passively through endothelium culls, infect endothelial cells, infect leukocytes, infect CSF |
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Term
| What is perivascular cuffing? |
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Definition
| -small lymphocytes surrounding blood vessels |
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