Term
| what is the most common psychiatric problem, affecting approximately 10% to 20% of the population. |
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Definition
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Term
| Antidepressants are divided into four groups |
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Definition
| (1) tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), or tricyclics; (2) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs); (3) atypical antidepressants that affect various neurotransmitters; and (4) monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). |
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Term
| which drugs are used to treat major depression, because they are effective and less expensive than SSRIs and other drugs. |
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Definition
| tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) |
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Term
| tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) side effects |
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Definition
| orthostatic hypotension, sedation, anticholinergic effects, cardiac toxicity, and seizures. |
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Term
| tricyclic antidepressants block which receptor groups |
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Definition
| cholinergic receptors,histamine receptors |
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Term
| selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) do what exactly? |
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Definition
| The SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin into the nerve terminal of the CNS, thereby enhancing its transmission at the serotonergic synapse. |
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Term
| SSRI's do not block which receptor sites |
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Definition
| dopamine or norepinephrine, nor do they block cholinergic and alpha1-adrenergic receptors. |
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Term
| Most commonly prescribed SSRI ( selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ) medication |
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Definition
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Term
| selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drug examples |
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Definition
| (Prozac), fluvoxamine (Luvox), sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil), citalopram (Celexa), and escitalopram (Lexapro) |
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Term
| second-generation antidepressants are called |
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Definition
| Atypical (heterocyclic) antidepressants |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| norepinephrine and serotonin |
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Term
| . The MAOIs are ________, inhibiting both MAO-A and MAO-B. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| monoamine oxidase inhibitors |
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Term
| Side effects of MAOIs include |
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Definition
| CNS stimulation (agitation, restlessness, insomnia), orthostatic hypotension, and anticholinergic effects. |
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Term
| any food or drug taken with an MAOI that is considered a stimulant or contains tyramine causes what? |
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Definition
| hypertensive crisis that can be fatal |
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Term
| examples of tyramine containing foods that should not be taken while on MAOI |
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Definition
| cheese [cheddar, Swiss, bleu], cream, yogurt, coffee, chocolate, bananas, raisins, Italian green beans, liver, pickled herring, sausage, soy sauce, yeast, beer, and red wines |
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Term
| Lithium's effect on bi-polar disorder |
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Definition
| Lithium has a calming effect without impairing intellectual activity. It controls any evidence of flight of ideas and hyperactivity. If the person stops taking lithium, manic behavior may return. |
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Term
| lithium therapeutic serum range |
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Definition
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Term
| lithium effects which electrolyte? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Headache, lethargy, drowsiness, dizziness, tremors, slurred speech, dry mouth, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria, hypotension, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, restlessness |
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Term
| lithium adverse reactions |
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Definition
| Urinary incontinence, hyponatremia, clonic movements, stupor, azotemia, leukocytosis, nephrotoxicity |
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Term
| signs of lithium toxicity |
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Definition
| 1.5 to 2 mEq/L are persistent nausea and vomiting, severe diarrhea, ataxia, blurred vision, and tinnitus. At 2 to 3.5 mEq/L, signs and symptoms of toxicity are excessive output of dilute urine, increasing tremors, muscular irritability, psychomotor retardation, mental confusion, and giddiness. At 3.5 mEq/L or higher, levels are life-threatening and may result in impaired consciousness, nystagmus, seizures, coma, oliguria/anuria, cardiac dysrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular collapse. Withhold medication and notify health care provider immediately if any of these occur. |
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Term
2. The nurse realizes that some herbs interact with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Which herb interaction may cause serotonin syndrome?
a. feverfew
b. ma-huang
c. St. John's wort
d. gingko biloba |
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Definition
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Term
1. A client is admitted with bipolar affective disorder. The nurse acknowledges that which medication is used to treat this disorder for some clients in place of lithium?
a. thiopental
b. gingko biloba
c. fluvoxamine (Luvox)
d. divalproex (Depakote) |
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Definition
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Term
3. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) is prescribed for a client. The nurse knows that which drug is an SSRI?
a. paroxetine (Paxil)
b. amitriptyline (Elavil)
c. divalproex sodium (Depakote)
d. bupropion HCl (Wellbutrin) |
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Definition
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Term
4. A client is taking tranylcypromine sulfate (Parnate) for depression. What advice should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this medication?
a. Warn of severe hypotension.
b. Avoid beer and cheddar cheese.
c. Encourage ginseng and ephedra.
d. Encourage fruit such as bananas. |
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Definition
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Term
5. Which statement is true concerning lithium?
a. The maximum dose is 3.4 g/day.
b. The therapeutic drug range is 2.5 to 3.5 mEq/L.
c. Lithium increases receptor sensitivity to GABA.
d. Concurrent NSAIDs may increase lithium levels. |
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Definition
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Term
6. When a client is taking an antidepressant, what should the nurse do? (Select all that apply.)
a. Monitor the client for suicidal tendencies.
b. Observe the client for orthostatic hypotension.
c. Teach the client to take the drug with food if GI distress occurs.
d. Tell the client that the drug may not have full effectiveness for 1 to 2 weeks.
e. Advise the client to maintain adequate fluid intake of 2 L/day. |
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Definition
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Term
7. A client is taking lithium. The nurse should be aware of the importance of which nursing intervention(s)? (Select all that apply.)
a. Observe the client for motor tremors.
b. Monitor the client for orthostatic hypotension.
c. Draw lithium blood levels immediately after a dose.
d. Advise the client to drink 750 mL/day of fluid in hot weather.
e. Advise the client to avoid caffeinated foods and beverages, such as coffee, tea, colas, and chocolate.
f. Teach the client to take lithium with meals to decrease gastric irritation. |
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Definition
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