Dehydration Estimation

Return to Normal after Pinch

<2 seconds

<5% loss of body weight

Dehydration Estimation

Return to Normal after Pinch

2-3 seconds

5%-8% loss of body weight

Dehydration Estimation

Return to Normal after Pinch

3-4 seconds

Dehydration Estimation

Return Normal After Pinch

>4 seconds

Detailed visual acuity is present at 

a) 3-4 months

b) 4-5 months

c) 1-2 months

d) 6-8 months

 Tear production is present at 

a) 2 months

b) 3 months

c) 5 months

d) 6 months

 An infant should be able to fully fixate

and follow an object at:

a) 1-2 months

b)3-4 months

c)5-6 months

d) 7-8 months

 What color is the optic disc

a) blue

b) green

c) hot yellow

d) pink to orange-red

 brachial plexus injury can cause

a) orbital fracure

b) ptosis

c) scleral tear

d) corneal abrasion

 b) ptosis, an eyelid that droops or has an absent

or faint lid crease, may be a normal

variant or the resutl of a brachial

plexus injury during a difficult delivery

 A infant has color discrimination at

a) 1-2 months

b) 3-5 months

c) 6 months

d) 7-8 months

 b) 3-5 months

 Mary wants to know when 

her son's eye color will be 

established, you tell her

a) 2 months

b) 4 months

c) 6 months

d) 12 months

 C) 6 months:

eye color is generally established

Pitosis that extends partially over

the pupil and causes the infant

to tilt the head in an effort to see 

should you:

a) tell mom not to worry it will resolve at 12 months

b) tell mom this baby will need glasses at 6 months

c) tell mom that her child had a stroke

d) tell mom that she will need to promptly see the pediatric opthalmologist

 The artery to vein (A:V) ratio in the eye 

is approximatley:

a) 1:1

b)2:1

c)3:2

d) 2:3

 The palpebral conjunctiva should be

a) white

b) yellow

c) pink

d) orange

c) pink

the palpebral conjunctiva should have

a pink and glossy appearance and the

adnexa should be clear

A coloboma is

a) a scratch on the cornea

b) cloudy cornea

b) white iris

c) a teardrop-shaped iris

c) a teardrop-shaped iris

a coloboma indicates a deficit in

the visual field and requires imemdiate referral

 This test determines the clairty of the posterior chamber

of the eye, the receptivity to light, and the sensitify of the retina to stimulus

a)corneal light reflex

b) red light refelx

c) pupillary reaction

d) accommodation

 b) red light reflex

any serious defect of the cornea, aqueous chamber, lens, and vitreious camber can be detected in the infant and young child by assesing the quality of red light reflex

 the best way to visualize red light relfex in an infant is

a) have the mom hold the baby prone and you look in the eyes by kneeling

b) have mom cover one eye while you look in the other

c) hold the infant upright, cradle the head, and gently low the infant to the exam table

 What can cause an absent red light relfex

a) ipsilateral pupils

b) dolls eyes

c) congential cataracts and retinoblastoma

d) leukokoria

e) c & d

This is the inital screening test used to assess alignment of the extraocular muscles in the infant and young child:

a) corneal light reflex/hirschberg test

b) six cardinal fields test

c)red light reflex

d) confrontation test

 The six cardinal fields tests what crainal nerve(s):

a) I olfactory, II optic, VII facial

b) III oculomotor, VIII acoustic, XII hypoglossal

c) VI abducens, IV trochlear, III oculomotor

d) V trigeminal, VII acoustic, IX glossopharyngeal 

 the cover-uncover test checks for

a) confrontation

b) leukokoria

c)ocular alignment

d) visual stimulus confirmation

 An inward devation of th eye is

a)esotropia

b)exotropia

c)phoria

d) amblyopia

An outward deviation of the eye is: 

a) esotropia

b)exotropia

c)phoria

d)strabismus

Phoria is

a) the uncovered eye will deviate

b) the covered eye will deviate

c) the pupil with constrict to 1mm

d) the pupil will dilate to 10 mm

b) the covered eye will deviate,

which indicates focusing problems

Congenital esotropia occurs in the first

______ months and accomodative esotropia

occurs between ____ months and ____ years

of age

a) 6 months and 12 months-7 years

b) 3 months and 6 months-12 years

b) 1 month and 10 months -18 years

 The cover uncover test should be performed

from:

a) 4 months- 10 years

b) newborn to 18

c) 12 months-5 years

d) only on a child with no deficits

 a) 4 months -10 years

The cover-uncover test further evaluates

ocular alignment and can be performed

as early as 4 months of age in an alert

infant and should continue to be a part of the exam until 10 years of age.

The cover-uncover test detects:

a) learning disability

b) strabismus

c) corneal abrasions

d) absent red light reflex

 Nonbinocular vision or nonalighment of the eyes

causing the visual image to fall on the retina at 

a distance from the fovea is:

a)cataracts

b)strabismus

c)ambylopia

d)negative red light reflex

 If strabismus goes undiagnosed a monocular loss

of vision due to insufficent visual stimulation during

the critical peroid of visual development occurs and is called:

a) tropia

b)phora

c) cross eyes

d) amblyopia

 The cover uncover test and corneal light reflex 

are both required to complete opthalmological exam

in order to detect:

a) pseudoesotropia

b)pseudostrabismus

c)strabismus

d)pseduophoria

A cross eyed appearance of the eyes caused by the large epicanthal folds coveing the sclera is:

a) strabismus

b) congenital esotropia

c)congential phoria

d)pseudoesotropia

 Spontaneous involuntary movment or one or both eyes

a)nystagmus

b)phoria

c)hypertropia

d)tropia

 a)nystagmus

indication of poor visual acuity, can be indicative of retinopathy of prematurity, intracranial hemorrhage, or tumor. 

 Miosis is:

a) dilation of the pupil

b)cross eyes

c) lazy eye

d) constriction of the pupil

 Visual acuity testing is _____ cranial nerve

and begins at __-__ years of age

a) abducens, 2-3

b) oculomotor, 5-6

c) optic, 2-3

d) hypoglossa, 10mo-12mo

 c) optic and 2-3 years old

The snellen tumbling E would be the best for:

a)Molly: 10 years old reads at a 12 grade level

b)Morgan 2 years old can not count

c)Tommy 4 years knows some of the alphabet

d)Heavenly-Angel Skyy 7 months old

 Myopic is

a) pupil constriction

b) pupil dilation

c) farsighted

d)nearsighted

 Referal is indicated for accurate visual testing yields a:

a) >20 difference btw eyes

b) >30 difference btw eyes

c) >50 difference btw eyes

d) >10 differenct btw eyes

 a) > 20 difference btw eyes

ie) 20/40 left eye and 20/70 in right eye

Visual testing for color should begin

a) 1 year

b) 2 years

c) 3 years

d) 4 years

 The most common location of retraction pockets and congential or acquired cholesteatoma in the ear:

a) pars tensa

b) junciton of the incus

c) prussak's space

d) umbo

 What is responsible for hearing and balance?

a) outer auditory canal

b) inner ear

c) light reflex

d) prussak's space

The tympanic membrane is normally

a) has a hole in it

b) convex

c) concave

d) absent

The color of the tympanic membrane is normally

a) pink

b) red

c) gray/silver

d) orange

The visible landmarks of the tympanic membrane include:

a) pars tensa, umbo, tympni nerve

b) light reflex, umbo, prussak's space

c) pars flaccida, stapes, incus

d) light reflex, handel of malleus, umbo

The cheeks and lips are innervated by canial nerves:

a) VII acoustic and XI spinal accessory

b) VII facial and V trigeminal

c) none

d) II optic and II olfactory

Tonsils that are visble midway between the tonsillar pillars and uvula are 

a) 1+

b) 2+

c) 3+

d) 4+

 Tonsils that are touching at midline and occluding the oroopharynx (kissing) are:

a) 1+

b) 2+

c) 3+

d) 4+

 Bowleggedness is also known as ___ 

and is normal until __-___ years of age

a) genu varum 21/2-3

b) tibial torsion 5-7

c) genu valgum 3-4

The most common cause of toeing in in kids <3

a) tibial torsion

b)bowleggedness

c)genu valgum

Curvature or twisting of the tibia after 3-4 years old

a) genu valgum

b) knock knee

c)tibial torsion

 Medial malleoli are more than an inch apart and the  knees are touching

a) genu valgum/knock knee normal until 7

b) genu varum/knock nee normal until 9

c)genu valgum/bowleggedness normal until 7

d) none of the above

Presence of clunk during manuver

a) barlows

b) ortolanis

c) galeazzi

d) allis

dislocation of femoral head

a) barlows

b) ortolanis

c) galeazzi

d) allis