Term
| Where is an infant's apex located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is a 4-6 year old's apex located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is a 7 year old's apex located? |
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Definition
| adult position- 5th ICS, at MCL |
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Term
| How does the orientation of an infant's heart differ from an adult's? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does the foramen ovale close? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does the ductus arteriosus close? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is indicated by decreased or absent femoral pulses? |
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Definition
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Term
| aortic coarctation definition |
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Definition
| narrowing of aorta at ductus arteriosus insertion |
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Term
| What is a squatting child unknowningly doing? |
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Definition
| performing a valsalva maneuver to get circulation to the heart |
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Term
| What might unexplained joint pain indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 conditions account for most acquired murmurs? |
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Definition
1) Kawasaki Dz
2) Rheumatic Fever |
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Term
| What cardiac conditions are associated with Marfan Syndrome? |
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Definition
-aortic stenosis
-aortic dissection
-mitral valve prolapse |
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Term
| What prenatal hx is pertinent to cardiac? |
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Definition
-maternal infections, unexplained fevers, rubella in 1st trimester
-medications and treatments
-drug and ETOH
-immunization status
-pre-existing dz
-general health and nutrition before pregnancy |
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Term
| What perinatal and neonatal hx is pertinent to cardiac? |
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Definition
-type of delivery
-gestational age
-Apgar scores
-birth wt, length, head circumference
-jaundice
-blood incompatability
-hospitalization
-complications
-congenital problems |
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Term
| What feeding hx is pertinent to cardiac? |
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Definition
-poor suck
-fatigue with feeding
-cyanosis with feeding
-poor wt gain
-developmental milestones
---timing
---order |
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Term
| What childhood illnesses are pertinent to cardiac? |
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Definition
-Kawasaki Dz
-Rheumatic Fever
-congenital problems
-anemia
-lead |
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Term
| What medications are pertinent to cardiac? |
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Definition
-cardiac meds
-antibiotic prophylaxis
-OCP |
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Term
| What cultural and family hx are pertinent to cardiac? |
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Definition
-beliefs re: blood products
-relationships with family members
-appropriate discipline (for chronic illness)
-overprotection |
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Term
| What education hx is pertinent to cardiac? |
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Definition
-grades
-tutors
-home/hospital school |
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Term
| What exercise and activity hx is pertinent to cardiac? |
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Definition
-keep up with peers
-changes in activity
-fatigue |
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Term
| What diet and nutrition hx is pertinent to cardiac? |
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Definition
-poor suck
-wt loss
-anorexia
-pica |
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Term
| What sleep hx is pertinent to cardiac? |
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Definition
-hours
-restfulness
-knee-chest position |
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Term
| Sinus arrhythmia is common in infants. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| What cause innocent/functional murmurs? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are innocent/functional murmurs graded? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the qualities of innocent/functional murmurs? |
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Definition
-short, systolic, ejection
-medium pitched, musical, vibratory |
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Term
| Where are innocent/functional murmurs heard? Where are they NOT heard? |
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Definition
-LLS or MS border
-Erb's point
-4th or 5th ICS medial to apex
-NOT apex, back, or neck |
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Term
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Definition
| -turbulent flow in the jugular venous system |
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Term
| What are characteristics of a venous hum? |
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Definition
-continuous, low-pitched, soft
-systole and diastole, but loudest in diastole |
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Term
| What affects the presence of venous hum? What DOESN'T? |
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Definition
-disappears when jugular veins in neck occluded
-louder when standing
-disappears when supine
-NOT affected by respiration |
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Term
| How and where do you listen for a venous hum? |
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Definition
| bell of stethoscope over supraclavicular fossa |
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Term
| What affects the presence of an innocent/functional murmur? |
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Definition
-position
-respiration
-exercise
-daily changes
-illness
-fever
-anemia
-excitement
-anxiety |
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Term
| A split S2 that varies with respiration is abnormal. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| S3 is normal if heard at the ___?___ during ___?___ and is a soft, dull sound that disappears with sitting. |
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Definition
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