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| The expected behaviors and attitudes that come with one's position in society |
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roles are neither gained nor lost; they change as the life circumstances of the individual change.
Recent theory - originally thought that adults took on many social roles, and shed them as they aged |
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| Patterns of change in adulthood in health and physical functioning |
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| Patterns of change over adulthood in social roles |
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| What men and women do in a given culture during a given historical era |
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| sets of shared beliefs or generalizations about what men and women in a society have in common. Often extends to what each gender ought to do and how they should behave |
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being competitive, adventurous and physically strong
in a majority of countries, male stereotype |
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Being sympathetic, nurturing and intuitive
Female stereoptype |
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A Theory to explain origination of gender roles.
States that children are taught to view the world and themselves through gender-palarized lenses that make artificial or exaggerated distinctions between what is masculine and feminine |
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A Theory to explain origination of gender roles
States:gender roles are the result of young children observing the division of labor within their culture, learning then following the expectations |
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| Factors present in the immediate environment. used to explain learning-schema theory and social role theory |
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| Factors present in the past |
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| traces origins of gender roles to primitive ancestors response to problems and environment. allowed our species to survive and select mates who help produce and protect children, who pass the genes along |
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| Uses both Proximal and distal causes to explain gender roles |
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| process by which young people move into adult roles |
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newish term for 18 to 25 (ish) when people are trying out different experiences and making their way to commitment
age of: identity exploration,instability, self-focus, feeling in-between, and possibilities (Jeffrey Arnett) |
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| living together without marriage. rate has increased dramatically since 60's |
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| Equal roles between men and women. Typical in early marriage, changes with addition of children to household - men focus more on outside work, providing income, women more on housework |
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| People in poor mental/physical health less likely to marry |
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| marriage gives more financial resources, social support and healthier lifestyles |
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| Married people are healthier because they have not endured the crisis of being divorced or widowed |
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| Theory that we are genetically programmed to meet emotional and physical needs of child- so since woman bears and nurses child, natural for men to provide |
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| Parental investment theory |
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| women and men evolved different gender role behaviors because they differ in how much time and resources they invest in the child. Women invest in 9 mo pregnancy and years of hands- on care, men just contribute sperm, and can produce large # offspring in time woman produces 1 |
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| Men and women function as couple to exchange goods/services. Women bear child, so men must take over financial responsibility |
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| crossover of gender roles |
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| theory that at midlife, women become more assertive, while men become more passive. |
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| expansion of gender roles |
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| More accepted theory that at midlife, less pressure toward traditional gender role divisions,so other qualities have the freedom to emerge |
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| grandparents taking over role of parenting when parents are absent or unwilling/unable to. Becoming more common |
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| Impact of caregiving for parents - increased weight, compromised immune system, lower levels of physical health |
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| The roles we occupy, how long we occupy them, and in which order |
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