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| used to measure the amount of energy released by an earthquake |
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| a place where the Earth's tectonic plates push against each other |
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| the center of the Earth made mostly of iron and nickel; the outer core is liquid and the inner core is solid |
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| the upper layer of the Earth, on which we live, broken into pieces called tectonic plates that float on the mantle |
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| the process by which sediment, which has been transported by ersion, is dropped somewhere on the Earth's surface |
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| a place where the Earth's tectonic plates are moving away from each other |
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| the violent shaking of the Earth that occurs when a tectonic plate snaps |
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| the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where an earthquake starts |
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| the movement of rocks and soil from one place to another by the forces of gravity, water, ice, or wind |
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| a break in the Earth's crust that results in the ground moving along the line of the break |
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| the preserved remains of an animal, plant, or other organism from some geologic or prehistoric time |
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| a scientist who studies the Earth's physical structure and all the events that helped shape it |
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| rocks that form when hot magma or lava cool and harden |
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| magma that has erupted from a volcano or a fissure in the Earth's crust |
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| created when rock deep in the Earth's crust is exposed to so much heat and pressure that it changes into something new |
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| solid, pure substances that can be found in the Earth's crust; every rock is made of a combination of different minerals |
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| the continuous process by which new rocks is made and old rock is destroyed or changed from one form to another; the three forms of rock are igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary |
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| small particles of weather rock carried away by wind and water; can also come from decomposed plants and animals that have drifted down to the bottom of a body of water |
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| formed by layers of rock that have been eroded and then pressed together and hardened |
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| parts of the Earth's crust that rest on the very dense hot rock of the mantle and as they float around, the plates can pull apart, slide next to each other, or move toward each other |
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| a place where the Earth's plates slide alongside each other |
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| a huge surge of water caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea; as the tsunami approaches a coastline, the large mass of water rushing onshore is so powerful it destroys everything in its path |
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| the wearing down and breaking up of hard rock by natural forces like wind, ice, plants, and burrowing animals |
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