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| Individuals ; survival adaptation to enviorment, survival not selection operates at this level. |
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| The study of the interactions among organisms and between oraganisms and their physical enviorment. |
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| Group of Individuals of the same species (determied by birth rates , death rates , etc) |
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| Population or..which SHARE CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS; can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. |
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| Interactions betwteen all living organisms - DIFFERENT SPECIES LIVING IN ONE AREA (paratism, predation , trophic ) competetion |
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| BIOTIC (LIVING) AND ABIOTIC (NON-LIVING) parts of the enviorment - Energy flow , nutrient cycles- Disturbance |
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| Studies ecological processes over LARGE AREAS and several interacting ecosystems |
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Primary; animals that eat plants (herbivore)
Secondary; animals that eat herbivores |
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powers most living things visible light is only part of the suns elcetromagnetic radiation.
Snakes - INAFRED
Insects- ULTRAVIOLET
GAMMA RAYS- Hulk |
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| Light ENergy from the sun is turned into chemical energy that organisms can use |
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| Organisms stored energy including the energy created by ohitosynthesis, via respiration which splits sugar molecules to chemical energy. This occurs in autortrophs and in the letrophs animals funji mostly in microbes that eat them |
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| Plants and other photosynthtic orangnisms |
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| Eat non-living organic matter . They recycle nutrients |
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1st - Producers
2nd- Primary
3rd- Secondary
4th- Territory
5th - Decomposers |
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Mutualism
Commenasalism
Parasitism |
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| A relationshp association between memebers of 2 or more species ; can be a negative association |
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Gets sugar from plant
Gets nitrogen from bacteria |
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Interaction in which both species benifit, Very commin
Ex. Clown fosh (anemmone) |
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| Interaction in which one species benifits and the other is not affected . Adhesiveslicker on top if the sharkes head. |
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Plants living on other plants/
no negative impact on the host |
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| The beligina "blue super cow" was created with the help of |
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| The cummulative generic changes in population that occur during succesive generation. |
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| The ___________ plays a critical role in Darwins theory of evolution |
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| Small gentic changes that occur in a population. |
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Random changes in genes (DNA)
similar to TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS |
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| Som indiviuals of a population have characteristics that casue them to survive and produce more offspring than other individuals |
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| WHat are the four conditions of Natural Selection ??? |
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_ Surplus reproductive capacity (alot of kids)
_ Heritable variation
_ Limits on population growth
_ Differential Reproductive succes |
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| What did Darwin use as evidence (his key point/discovery) of natural selction ? |
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| The bird finches (darwons finches) he realized that each of the birds had a different trait that helped them best survive. |
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| What is some more evidence of natural selection ? |
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Comparative anatomy - looking at the xrays of humans, horses, cat and bats you can see that we have the same bones but they are distrubuted differented - Humans and bats are mostky alike /
Fossils |
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What two ways allows us to have new species?
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| Allopatric speciation and Sympatric Speciation |
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1. Single interbreedeing population
2.When a geographical barrier seperates the animals - population divided by subpopulations and the subpopulations are isolated. |
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Allopatric Speciation ...
The two populations __________ _________.
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EVOLVE INDEPENDENTLY
Populations can be reunited when barrier is removes - different enough that they dont INTERBREED |
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Sympatric Speciation
(certain behavior when they dont wanna breed) |
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- Two diferent fruit trees growing in the same area
- Flies choose mates and lay eggs on the type of ruit in which they developed |
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| Sympatric speciation - can also lead to ______________ _____________ of traits |
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How do we organize species?
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Phylogentic trees -
One can infer relationships between taxa (genera, species, etc) |
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MISCONSEPTION # 1
EVOLUTION IS A THEORY ABOUT _____ ___ ____ |
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| Where did these molecules first come together? |
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