Details Title: 395 Exam 2 Description: vocab Total Flash Cards: 83 Created: 03/29/2009 16:00:59		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Psychology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term nomological net Definition the theoretical network of construct-to-construct associations derived from relevant theory and stated at an abstract level Term true score Definition a function of the construct we attempt to measure Term systematic error Definition reflects influences from other constructs besides the desired one Term random error Definition reflects nonsystematic, ever-changing influences on the score Term multitrait-multimethod matrix Definition table of correlation coefficients that enables us to simutaneously evaluate the convergent and discriminate validity of a construct Term traits Definition underlying constructs Term methods Definition mode of measurement Term reliability coefficient Definition correlations between scores that reflect the same trait and method Term convergent validity coefficient Definition correlation between scores that reflect the same trait measured by different measures Term discriminant validity coefficient Definition indicates the correlation between different traits measured by the same method Term nonsense coefficient Definition different traits by different methods Term measurement Definition rules for assigning symbols to objects(usually numbers to people) Term modes of measurement Definition various approaches to operationally defining a construct Term response rate Definition the percentage of respondents in the initial sample from whom complete responses are obtained Term interviewer effects Definition the influence of the interviewer's expectations or personal characteristics on responses Term random digit dialing Definition a means of including a telephone sample the significant number of homes for which the number is unlisted Term experience sampling Definition "diary methods", requires participants to provide an account of what they are experiencing on repeated occasions over a short period of time Term collateral reports Definition third party responses to a question or interview (gathered in addition to info provided by participant) Term psychophysiology Definition the study of the interplay of physiological systems and people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors Term control factors Definition help determine the degree to which the physiological signal is influenced by factors not relevant to the hypothesis Term implicit association method Definition makes use of the computer administered Implicit Association Test to measure automatic evaluative judgments Term card sort Definition participants sort cards with adjectives into piles that are labeled themselves, a person, or a group of people Term autophotographic research Definition participants photograph aspects of their experiences Term items Definition the questions or statements to which participants provide a response Term memory telescoping Definition tendency to recall events as more recent than their actual dates Term sociometric questionnaire Definition asking each member of a group what other group member they would prefer to partner with on various occasions, and which members they would not like to Term forced choice format Definition a way to word a Q so that it is not biased:"which in your opinion" instead of "some people think" Term double barreled question Definition inappropriately combines two separate ideas and requires a single response:asking for parents' view point instead of mom's and dad's seperately Term filter question Definition screen out respondents who do not have adequate knowledge about the issue at hand Term floaters Definition "don't know" to filter Q but substabtive answers to non filter Qs Term context effects Definition the effects of the preceding Qs on the response of the later Qs (a less powerful effect) Term funnel principle Definition Q order: general to specific Term split-ballot experiment Definition 2+ versions of a questionnaire are given out randomly, having different wording or sequence Term randomized response techniques Definition blue/red ball example (interviewer d/n know the Q being answered) Term scaling Definition the assignment of scores to answers to a Q as to yield a measure of the construct Term response scale Definition the range of possible answers to a given Q Term scales Definition multiple item measures, serve the basic function of providing a usable measure of a theoretical construct Term unidimensional Definition all items measure 1 construct Term multidimensional Definition various items measure different constructs Term nominal scales Definition contain qualitatively different categories to which we attach names rather than numerical meaning Term ordinal scale Definition contains categories that can be ordered by rank on a continuum Term interval scale Definition numbers have order and are equally spaced Term ratio scales Definition true 0, scale values represent multipliable quantities ex: length and weight Term graphic rating scale Definition mark on a line Term itemized rating scale Definition selecting one item out of a group of items that are placed in order of a scale (extremely liberal to not at all liberal) Term comparative rating scale Definition require the judge to make comparisons against a given population Term rank-order scale Definition ranking individuals in relation to one another Term halo bias Definition the tendency for overall positive or negative evaluations of the object or person being rated to influence ratings on specific dimensions Term generosity error Definition raters overestimate the desirable qualities of people they like Term contrast error Definition tendency for raters to see each other as opposite to them on a trait Term domain Definition the hypothetical population of all times relevant to the construct we wish to measure Term domain sampling Definition draw a sample of the items from the domain and use the person's responses to those to estimate the desired construct Term acquiescent response style Definition the general tendency to agree with statements regardless of their content Term differential scales Definition a list of statements in which if one agrees with one statement, it is assumed that they agree with statements close to theirs and disagree with the distant ones Term non-monotone item Definition an item that only a small percentage of people will agree with, can be anywhere on the scale Term monotone item Definition has a clear side, either favorable or unfavorable Term latitude of acceptance Definition the range of scale values that the subject agrees with Term summated scales Definition lickert scale, SA to SD, coded and averaged Term factor analysis Definition evaluates the degree of statistical commonality in a set of items (the degree to which responses to them appear to be influenced by the same underlying construct) Term semantic differential Definition measures the meaning of an object to an individual (series of attitude scales) Term biploar scales Definition opposite words with numbers 1-7 in between (You are....fair 1234567 unfair) Term linear associations Definition the same points at all points across the range of values the measures can take Term particularistic research goals Definition goal is to generalize the research results from the studied sample to the specific target population Term universalistic research goals Definition aims at tetsing theoretically hypothesized associstions, with no population in mind Term stratum Definition defind by one or more specifications that divide a population into mutually exclusive segments Term population element Definition a single member of a population Term census Definition a count of all the elements in a population and/or a determination of the distributions of their characteristics, based on info obtained for each of the elements Term sample Definition the group of elements selected with the intention of finding out something about the population from which they are taken Term representative sampling plan Definition ensure that the odds are great enough so that the selected sample is sufficiently representative of the population Term probability sampling Definition one can specify for each elemnt of teh population the probability that it will be included in the sample Term nonprobability sampling Definition there is no way to estimate the probability each element has of being included in the sample and no assurance that evry element has some chance of being included Term accidental sampling Definition simply reaching out and taking the cases that are at hand Term biases Definition systematic deviations of sample means from true population values Term purposive sampling Definition with good judgment and an appropriate strategy, we can handpick the cases to be included and thus develop samples that are satisfactory in relation to our needs Term simple random sampling Definition the basic probability sampling design Term systematic sampling Definition randomly choosing an element, and then chosing the other elements to be included on the basis if the first element (picking every 10th one) Term stratified random sampling Definition population divided into 2 or more strata, simple random sampling is performed on each strata, then combined to make the total sample Term cluster sampling Definition like stratified sampling except done multiple times and can be done through simple methods Term sampling error Definition the difference in the distribution of characteristics between a sample and the population Term multistage area sample Definition cluster sampling that uses geographic areas as the initial sampling units, then households, then individuals within households Term primary sampling units (PSUs) Definition selected from the population of counties and metro areas in the US (used in multistage area sample) Term internal events Definition thughts, feelings, behaviors Term externla events Definition situations or stimuli that the participant might encounter during the course of everyday life