Shared Flashcard Set

Details

310 test 2 vocab
vocabulary
106
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
06/27/2011
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
Cultural pluralism
 Definition
defined as mutual appreciation and understanding of the various cultures and subcultures in a society
Term
Cultural and linguistic competence
 Definition
a requisite skill for all nurses to provide culturally congruent , appropriate, and meaningful nursing and health care, avoid unnecessary misunderstandings and miscommunication, and ensure that the public receives the highest quality of community/public nursing care: know it as though it was your own, know it the best you can, be aware (pg. 271)
Term

 Culture

 Definition
is dynamic and refers to a group of people who have the following characteristics, a shared pattern of communication, similarities in dietary preferences and food preparations, common patterns of dress, predictable socialization patters, a shared sense of beliefs.
Term

Subcultures-

Definition
groups of individuals who, although members of a larger cultural group, have shared characteristics that are not common to all members of the larger culture
Term
   Values-
 Definition

 preferences (or ideals) that give direction to human life by influencing beliefs and behaviors

Term
Race-
Definition

a group of individuals who share common biologic features/traits
Term
         Ethnicity
 Definition

- a shared culture and way of life, especially as reflected in language, folkways, religious, and other institutional forms, material culture such as clothing and food, and cultural products such as music, literature, art. Provides a sense of social belonging and loyalty

Term

         Health disparities-

 Definition
 differences or inequalities in health status, including differences in life expectancy, mortality, and morbidity
Term

         Health care disparities-

Definition
defined as racial or ethical differences in quality of health care that are not due to access related factors or clinical needs, preferences, and appropriateness of intervention.
Term

         Health literacy skill

 Definition
- refers to the ability to read and understand instructions on prescription and medicine bottles, appointment slips, informed consent documents, insurance materials and client educational materials.
Term

         Rite

 Definition
- a ceremony or act that often marks an important event or life transition.
Term

         Ritual-

Definition
a prescribed series of actions or process closely related to a cultures ideology.
Term

         Culture-bound syndromes-

 Definition
often referred to as disorders restricted to a particular culture or group of cultures because of certain psychosocial characteristics of those cultures.
Term

        Complementary medicines

 Definition
– are therapies that are used together with conventional medicine (aromatherapy to lessen postsurgical discomfort)
Term

         Alternative therapies-

 Definition
 medicines are used in place of conventional medicine (special diet to treat cancer instead of conventional treatments such as surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy)
Term

         Cultural competence-

 Definition
 organizational cultural competence, individual cultural competence, usually in reference to nurses, physicians, social workers, or those in other healthcare, educational, or social services  professions.
Term

        Cultural self-assessment-

 Definition
 includes developing an awareness of one’s own cultural values, attitudes, beliefs and practices.
Term

         Stereotyping-

Definition
an exaggerated, usually negative, belief or image applied to both an entire category of people of a racial or ethnic group and to each individual within it that is false or greatly distorts the real characteristics of the group.
Term

         Cultural assessment-

Definition
a systemic appraisal or examination of individuals, groups, and communities as to their cultural beliefs, values, and practices to determine specific needs and interventions within the cultural context of the people being evaluated.
Term

         Immigrants-

Definition
people who come to a country to take up permanent residence
Term

         Refugees-

Definition
persons who migrate to escape persecution based on race, religion, nationality, or political persuasion and come to this country under special legal procedures, usually requiring congressional action.
Term

        Asylees-

Definition
individuals seeking political asylum from persecution in the own countries
Term

         Racism-

Definition
commonly refers to institutional and individual practices that create and reinforce oppressive systems of race relations that adversely restrict the lives of individuals of certain races
Term

         Discrimination-

Definition
the differential and negative treatment of individuals based on their race, ethnicity, gender, or other group membership.
Term

         Availability-

Definition
the existence of services and sufficient personnel to provide services
Term

         Accessibility-

Definition
the ability of a person to obtain and afford needed services
Term

         Acceptability-

Definition
the degree to which a particular service is offered in a manner congruent with the values of a target population
Term
CAM
 Definition
a collective of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are beyond the realm of conventional Western medicine
Term

         Rural-

Definition
a community having fewer than 20,000 residents
Term

         Urban-

 Definition
 a community having a greater population than 20,000 residents
Term

         Metropolitan-

Definition
as a city or adjacent area having a total of 50,000 or more residents
Term

         Nonmetropolitan-

Definition
degree of urbanization associated with adjacency to a metro area. < 50,000
Term

         Health professional shortage areas-

Definition
have become a national priority since the early 1990s, areas with insufficient numbers of all types of health care providers
Term

         Professional isolation-

 Definition
 don’t have everything around you that you need, no one to collaborate with
Term

         United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

Definition
– concentrates on maternal and child health in 191 countries.  It is part of the UN and geared towards fresh water and food supplies.
Term

         Epidemiological transition

Definition
– the difference how preventable diseases can overwhelm poor countries and have very little effect on rich countries due to preventative measures.
Term

         World Health Organization (WHO)

 Definition
 – multilateral agency involving 193 countries.  It’s “the world’s health advocate”.  Provides support and services to countries w/ focus on poorer countries.
Term

   Bismark model

Definition
– decentralized control; funded by personal contributions and taxes
Term

   Beveridge model

Definition
– total government control of welfare responsibility
Term

   Entrepreneurial model

 Definition
 – US has this type of health care structure; direct out of pocket, private insurance
Term

         Bioterrorism –

Definition
using biologic agents to inflict death, injuries, & damage
Term

·         Chemical terrorism –

Definition
using chemical agents to inflict death, injuries, & damage
Term

·         Disaster –

Definition
an occurrence either natural or man-made that causes human suffering and creates human need’s that victims cannot alleviate without assistance.
Term

·         Disaster nursing –

Definition
adaptation of professional nursing skills to recognize and meet the nursing, physical, and emotional needs resulting from a disaster.
Term

·         Man-made disasters –

Definition
war, chemical and biologic terrorism, food/water contamination
Term

·         Mass casualty incident –

Definition
a situation in which there are a large number of casualties 100+ that overwhelm available emergency medical services
Term

·         Multiple casualty incidents –

Definition
b/n 2-99 persons are injured & strain available resources.
Term

·         Mitigation –

 Definition
 describes actions and/or processes that can be used to prevent or reduce the damage caused by a specific disaster event. (Damage Control)
Term

·         Natural disasters –

 Definition
include tornados, hurricanes, hurricanes, floods, etc.
Term

·         Posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) –

Definition

often occur after war and include:

o   Person is exposed to traumatic event and experiences fear or horror r/t event

o   The traumatic event is re-experienced through flashbacks, dreams, etc.

o   The person avoids things that remind him or her of the trauma.
Term

·         Bullying –

Definition
is a pattern of physical, verbal, or other behaviors directed by one or more children toward another child that are intended to inflict physical, verbal, or emotional harm.
Term

·         Child abuse and neglect –

Definition
child abuse is person under 18 years old and can be physical, neglect, sexual, or emotional abuse.  Neglect is failure to provide the child’s basic needs and can be physical, educational, or emotional.
Term

·         Child protective services –

Definition
agency assigned to investigate reports of child abuse & neglect.
Term

·         Elder abuse –

Definition
physical, emotional, or financial maltreatment of older persons usually 65+
Term

·         Intimate partner abuse – (IPV)

Definition
is partner abuse, domestic violence, or woman battering.  It is the leading cause of injury to women.
Term

·         Mandatory reporting –

Definition
the nurse’s role in patient protection.
Term

·         Violence –

Definition
non-accidental acts that result in physical or emotional injury.
Term

·         Abstinence-only programs –

 Definition
sexual education programs that teach abstinence as the only option for unmarried and adolescents.  (Not much support among Americans).
Term

·         Teenage sexual activity –

Definition
intercourse and other sexual acts in people under 20 years.
Term

·         Abstinence –

Definition
choosing not to have sex.
Term

·         Addiction –

Definition
the genetic, psychosocial, and environmental influences in the development of substance use, abuse, and dependence.
Term

·         Co-dependence –

Definition
the relationship between a substance abuser and one or more person who attempts to assist and control the abuser’s behavior.
Term

·         Dual diagnosis –

Definition
when a person exhibits mental disorders and abuses drugs.
Term

·         Enabler –

Definition
works to limit or eliminate the harmful consequences of the user’s behavior.
Term

·         Fetal alcohol syndrome disorders (FASDs) –

Definition
alcohol-related developmental disorders and birth defects.
Term

·         Substance abuse –

Definition
a maladaptive patter of substance use manifested by recurrent and significant adverse consequences occurring within a 12 month period.
Term

·         Tolerance -

Definition
capacity to ingest more of the substance than other persons without showing impaired function.
Term

·         Withdrawal –

Definition
removal of a substance that often causes the opposite effect of the chemical.  The body becomes overcompensated and unbalanced.
Term

·         Health care system-

Definition
the organization structure in which health care is delivered to a population
Term

·         Decentralization-

Definition
local communities, states, and federal government share responsibilities for regulation and provision of services to the population.
Term

·         Free market-

Definition
laissez-faire approach, private enterprise is allowed to develop goods and services as it chooses and to offer them to clientele, or market, it selects.
Term

·         Out-of-pocket expenses-

Definition
those expenses paid for directly by the consumer, which may be covered by their insurance
Term

·         Direct care services-

Definition
are health services delivered to an individual: physical therapy, nursing care, doctors visits; they are provided in a variety of settings by direct care providers.
Term

·         Indirect care services-

Definition
are those health services that are not personally received by the individual, although they influence health and welfare. A major portion of services provided by the government.
Term

·         Private sector-

Definition
composed of private organizations, both for-profit businesses and nonprofit organizations.
Term

·         Public sector-

Definition
consists of services provided by public funds and public organizations.
Term

·         State health agency-

Definition
the principle agency for health care services for that state. They are actively involved in: personal health, community health, environmental health, health resources, health education, health planning and policy development, enforcement of public health laws, lab services, general administration and services, and funding to local health departments not allocated to program areas.
Term

·         Third-party reimbursement-

Definition
the financing of health care by the insurance company rather than by the individual
Term

·         Managed care-

Definition
combines the two functions of health insurance and delivery of health care services. They have all of most of the following features: prepayment arrangements, negotiated discounts from service providers and suppliers, agreements for preauthorization for certain procedures, audit of performance.
Term

·         Health maintenance organizations-

Definition
a type of managed care organization (MCO) that provides a form of health care coverage in the United States that is fulfilled through hospitals, doctors, and other providers with which the HMO has a contract
Term

·         Voluntary agencies-

Definition
all private sector organizations whether for-profit or nonprofit, usually apply to nonprofit agencies.
Term

·         Quality of care-

Definition
a process for making strategic choices in health systems, Quality assurance, Health services administration
Term

·         Universal coverage-

Definition
health insurance coverage for everyone
Term

·         Single-payer system-

Definition
the government is the sole funder of health care. All citizens are covered, and private health insurance is unnecessary.
Term

·         All-payer system-

Definition
a system in which health care is financed by a number of sources, public and private.
Term

·         Health disparities-

Definition
Health disparities are preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations.
Term

·        Globalization of health-

Definition
recognizes that the barriers between countries are blurring, that health issues cannot be isolated within one country, that large health disparities among countries are ultimately harmful to everyone
Term

·         World Health Organization-

Definition
multilateral agency involving 193 countries.  It’s “the world’s health advocate”.  Provides support and services to countries w/ focus on poorer countries.
Term

·         Pan American Health Organization-

Definition
was established in 1902 as an independent public health organization, it functions as a quasi-independent branch of the WHO, the mission is to strengthen international and local health systems to improve the health of populations of the Americans
Term

·         United Nations Children’s Fund-

Definition
concentrates on maternal and child health in 191 countries.  It is part of the UN and geared towards fresh water and food supplies.
Term

·         World Bank-

Definition
to improve the economic welfare of developing countries, aimed at reducing poverty and eliminating treats to health.
Term

·         Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-

Definition
provide expertise in controlling and preventing disease.
Term

·         Emerging infectious diseases-

Definition
either old diseases that are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic or new, previously unknown conditions.
Term

·         Terrorism-

Definition
the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce
Term

·         Public health law-

Definition
all laws that have a significant impact on the health of defined populations.
Term

·         Nurse Practice Acts-

Definition
broad frameworks within which the legal scope of nursing practice is defined.
Term

·         Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-

Definition
protects confidentiality by defining what privacy rights clients have, who should have access to client information, what constitutes the clients right to confidentiality, and what constitutes inappropriate access to health records.
Term

·         Negligence-

Definition
merely the failure to act as a reasonably prudent professional would act in a specific type of situation
Term

·         Malpractice-

Definition
a specific type of negligence, results in harm to the patient.
Term

·         Informed consent-

Definition
means that the clients understand the risks and benefits of potential treatment alternatives before they voluntarily consent to them.
Term

·         Parental consent-

Definition
generally required before a minor receives medical treatment
Term

·         Standard of care-

Definition
defined by the courts as the care that a reasonably prudent community/ public health nurse would provide under similar circumstances.
Term

·         Professional liability insurance- 

Definition
means of risk management, will not prevent the nurse from being sued but will rather serve as a safety net to protect  the nurses personal resources and ability to be defended against a lawsuit.
Term

·        State health agency-

Definition
is a department or agency of the state governments of the United States focused on public health.
Term

·         Local health departments-

Definition
autonomous, either consulting with the state or directly planning programs and setting health policy for the communities they serve
Term

·         Population-based health services-

Definition
resulted in a reduction in direct personal health care by LHDs.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!