Term
| What is regulated by the parathyroid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 10 lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
| preauricular, posterior auricular, occipital, submental, submandibular, jugulodigastric, superficial cervical, deep cervical, posterior cervical, supraclavicular |
|
|
Term
| What are the two functions of the neck? |
|
Definition
| conduit to and from brain and body; endocrine function |
|
|
Term
| What 3 terms describe the size and shape of the head? |
|
Definition
physiologic=normocephalic
small= microcephalic
large=macrocephalic |
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|
Term
| Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a normal palpation of the skull consist of? |
|
Definition
| symmetric, smooth, nontender |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| vibration when palpating the pulse; indicates turbulent blood flow; possible narrowing or aneurism |
|
|
Term
| What is the follow up once a thrill is palpated? |
|
Definition
| auscultate for a bruit using the bell of the stethoscope; will hear ultrasound-like feedback |
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Term
|
Definition
| when the thyroid is swollen |
|
|
Term
| What does a normal inspection of the neck consist of? |
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Definition
| neck is supple, full ROM, movement is smooth and controlled |
|
|
Term
| what is the normal inspection for the trachea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common error in palpating the thyroid? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
ID the lymph node:
in front of the ear |
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Definition
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|
Term
ID the lymph node:
behind the ear |
|
Definition
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|
Term
ID the lymph node:
base of the skull |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID the lymph node:
corner of the jaw; aka tonsilar |
|
Definition
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|
Term
ID the lymph node:
midway under the jaw |
|
Definition
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|
Term
ID the lymph node:
tip of the jaw |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID the lymph node:
overlying sternomastoid muscle |
|
Definition
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|
Term
ID the lymph node:
deep under sternomastoid muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID the lymph node:
posterior triangle, trapezius muscle edge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID the lymph node:
above/behind clavicle, at sternomastoid |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the results of a physiologic palpation of the lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
| no cervical lymphadenopathy (no lymph nodes palpable); nodes are movable, soft, discrete, non-tender |
|
|
Term
| What is the common site of nosebleeds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the turbinates in the nose? |
|
Definition
| warm, humidify and filter air |
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Term
| Sinuses drain into the ___ while tears drain into the ____ |
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Definition
| middle meatus; inferior meatus |
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|
Term
| What is the purpose of the paranasal sinuses? |
|
Definition
| lighten weight of the skull (frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid) |
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|
Term
| What are the 7 structures of the mouth? |
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Definition
| oral cavity, palate, uvula, tongue, gums, teeth, salivary glands |
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|
Term
| What are the 3 pairs of salivary glands? |
|
Definition
| parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
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|
Term
| State 3 developmental considerations for the aging adult regarding nose, mouth and throat |
|
Definition
| nose is more prominent, nasal hairs more coarse, diminished sense of smell |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| have person occlude one nare at a time and sniff |
|
|
Term
| What cranial nerve is responsible for sense of smell? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are tender sinuses indicative of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 grades for tonsil inspection? |
|
Definition
1+=visible;WNL
2+=halfway between tonsillar pillars;WNL
4+=kissing (airway issues)
3+=touching uvula |
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|
Term
| What are 4 kinds of halitosis and their causes? |
|
Definition
DKA=fruity breath, heart issues
ammonia=uremia
musty=liver disease
mouse-like smell= diptheria |
|
|
Term
| What is the anatomical term for the ear drum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 functions of the middle ear? |
|
Definition
| conducts sound vibrations, protects inner ear, allows equalization of air pressure |
|
|
Term
| What cranial nerve is responsible for sound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the components of the sensory organ of hearing |
|
Definition
| organ of corti; has receptor hair cells that are fibers on the basilar membrane |
|
|
Term
| What are the two pathways of hearing? |
|
Definition
| air conduction; bone conduction |
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|
Term
| Describe bone conduction in hearing |
|
Definition
| bones of the skull vibrate; vibrations go directly to inner ear and CN8 |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of hearing loss? |
|
Definition
| conductive; sensorineural; mixed |
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|
Term
ID hearing loss type:
mechanical dysfunction of external or middle ear; partial hearing loss; Person can still hear if vibrations are amplified enough to reach inner ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID Hearing loss type:
Pathology of inner ear, CN8 or auditory areas of the brain |
|
Definition
| sensorineural (perceptive) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gradual nerve degeneration that occurs with aging |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of vertigo? |
|
Definition
| benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV); meniere's disease |
|
|
Term
ID the hearing disorder:
linked to excess of fluid in inner ear; vertigo, low-pitched tinnitus; hearing loss; temporary or permanent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the names for abnormal size of the ear? |
|
Definition
small=microtia (<4cm)
large=macrotia (>10cm) |
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|
Term
| What is the physiologic positioning for the ear? |
|
Definition
| helix is parallel with eye |
|
|
Term
| Describe the physiologic state of the tympanic membrane |
|
Definition
| intact, shiny, translucent with pearly gray color |
|
|
Term
| What are the abnormal observations of the tympanic membrane and their implications? |
|
Definition
| red (bacterial), yellow (viral), bulging drum (otis media), dark oval (puncture) |
|
|
Term
| What are two ways of assessing someone's hearing acuity? |
|
Definition
| whisper test (screening); audiometry (more definitive) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tests bone conduction; place vibrating tuning fork on midline of person's skull; physiologic to hear the sound in both ears |
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|
Term
ID type of hearing loss:
sound lateralizes to affected ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID type of hearing loss:
sound lateralizes to unaffected/better ear |
|
Definition
| sensorineural hearing loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compares air conduction with bone conduction; place tuning fork at mastoid process, client signals when sound disappears, move fork so it is at the end of the ear canal, ask if they can hear it; AC>BC; |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the lacrimal apparatus? |
|
Definition
| constant irrigation to keep conjunctiva and cornea moist |
|
|
Term
| Describe conjugate movement? |
|
Definition
| parallel movement of both eyes |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 cranial nerves of the eye? |
|
Definition
| 6 (abducens, lateral rectus muscles); 4 (trochlear, superior oblique muscles); 3 (occulomotor, other muscles) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 layers of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 cranial nerves are associated with the cornea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the anterior chamber of the eye |
|
Definition
| posterior to the cornea; in front of iris and lense; drains waste |
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|
Term
ID:
visual receptive layer of the eye where light waves are changed to nerve impulses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glaucoma disturbs the pressure balance in what area of the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cranial nerve is the optic nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the area of sharpest and keenest vision? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID eye structure:
receives and transduces light from visual field center |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Afferent pupillary reflex is controlled by the ____ nerve and efferent is controlled by the ____ nerve |
|
Definition
| optic (2); oculomotor (30 |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 visual reflexes? |
|
Definition
| pupillary light, fixation, accommodation (near vision) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased ability of the lens to change shape |
|
|
Term
ID condition:
debris accumulates in the vitreous humor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased intraocular pressure; teary, achy eyes, blurred vision |
|
|
Term
| Describe macular degeneration |
|
Definition
| loss of central vision; peripheral vision unaffected; most common cause of blindness |
|
|
Term
ID eye condition:
crossed eyes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID eye condition:
double vision |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID eye condition:
Sensitivity to light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the acuity-snellen chart score |
|
Definition
top= distance from chart the person stands
bottom= distance at which a normal eye could read that line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unequal pupillary response to light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pupils Equal Round React to Light and Accommodation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the RESPECT acronym? |
|
Definition
| Realize, Examine, Select, Pace, Encourage, Check, Touch |
|
|
Term
| Stimulation is key at what development stage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age should solid foods be introduced? |
|
Definition
| 4-6 months; rice cereal first then juice, fruits veggies, meats, eggs last |
|
|
Term
| What is suitable discipline for an infant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Erikson stage of development for toddlers? |
|
Definition
| autonomy vs shame and doubt |
|
|
Term
| What age group participates in parallel play? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two suitable forms of discipline for toddlers? |
|
Definition
| ignoring; time out (1 min per year of age) |
|
|
Term
| What are the FACTs of tantrums? |
|
Definition
| Frustration, Appetite, Choice, Tired |
|
|
Term
| What age is known for talking to imaginary friends? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most literal growth and development group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which age group likes to play dress up? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age is it best to introduce fun food options? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does egocentricity decrease in growth and development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During what age groups is peer approval a strong motivator? |
|
Definition
| school age and adolescence |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 divisions of adolescence? |
|
Definition
| early, 10-14; middle 14-17 (risk takers); late 17> |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who should have their head circumference measured? |
|
Definition
| any child with fontanels; age 0-3 |
|
|
Term
Describe the meaning of the fontanel type:
full/bulging |
|
Definition
| increased intercranial pressure |
|
|
Term
Describe the meaning of the fontanel type:
flat, soft, pulsation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the meaning of the fontanel type:
depressed, sunken |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are infants more likely to have ear infections? |
|
Definition
| because the Eustachian tube connects directly to the nose |
|
|
Term
| When are infants able to distinguish their mother's voice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 normal findings in neonate vision? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of eye condition is common in a child with Down's Syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when an eyelid droops too low |
|
|
Term
| purulent nose discharge is a sign of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| foul smelling nose discharge is a sign of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of caries can be seen in the mouths of some infants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What HEENT assessment should be saved for last on a child? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe shotty lymph nodes |
|
Definition
| hard, round, small and of no consequence |
|
|
Term
| Describe the attachment of the ribs |
|
Definition
| 1-7 attached to sternum, 8-10 attached to costal cartilage, 11-12 "floating" |
|
|
Term
| What structure articulates with the 2nd rib? |
|
Definition
| manubriosternal angle (angle of Louis) |
|
|
Term
| What are the muscles of inspiration? |
|
Definition
| diaphragm and external intercostals |
|
|
Term
| What are the accessory muscles to breathing? |
|
Definition
| sternomastoid, internal intercostals, scalene, abdominals |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary and secondary controls of respiration? |
|
Definition
| central chemoreceptors (primary), peripheral chemoreceptors (secondary; only function when primary fails) |
|
|
Term
| What is pursed lip breathing indicative of? |
|
Definition
| using abs for exhalation; labored breathing |
|
|
Term
| In regards to the lungs what can have an effect on LOC? |
|
Definition
| hypoxia; can alter consciousness |
|
|
Term
| Describe pleural effusion |
|
Definition
| water in the plural space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vibration within the lungs; may be pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| What percussion sound is associated with consolidation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID breath sound:
normal over trachea and larynx; hollow, tubular; I |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID breath sound:
normal over L and R mainstem bronchi; mixed hallow and rustling; I=E |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID breath sound:
normal over peripheral lung fields, breezelike; I>E |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal breath sounds are ___ ___ ____ |
|
Definition
| clear to auscultation (CTA) |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for abnormal breath sounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 types of adventitious lung sounds? |
|
Definition
| rales/crackles, ronchi (sonorous), wheezes (sibilant), stridor, pleural friction rub |
|
|
Term
ID lung sound:
fine or course, does not disappear with cough, inspiratory, fluid in alveoli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID adventitious sound:
course, low pitched, snoring like, congested, may change with cough, expiratory, mucous in larger airways |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID adventitious breathing sound:
high pitched, musical, expiratory, mucous or narrowing of smaller airways |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
ID adventitious breathing sound:
high pitched, inspiratory from upper airway, inflammation, more common in children |
|
Definition
| Stridor; requires immediate attention, may need to auscultate over trachea |
|
|
Term
| ID adventitious breath sound: pleural inflammation; sand paper sound on inhalation and expiration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for the pharyngeal tonsils? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two possible reasons for failed patency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a function of the cerebral cortex |
|
Definition
| interpret the meaning of sound |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of the symptoms of vertigo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trigeminal; sensory to brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
