Term
What is prion?
spreads by |
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Definition
misfolded protein only
-misfolding other prions |
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Term
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Definition
neurological diseases- bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE= mad cow disease)
Alzheimers
Scrapie-sheeotm
Chronic waste- deer, elk |
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Term
simple stains, ex
intrxn via |
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Definition
add dark color (contrast)
ex- methylene blue
Interation via charge |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| example of differential stain- who developed, in golden age? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Add methanol to fix cells to srugace; air dry
2. Add crystal violet stain 1 min
3. Add iodine, binds stain to gram postitive cells
4. Wash with ethanol (G- stain removed)
5. Add safranin (G+ still purple, G- is red) |
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Term
Acid Fast stain
microbe-
technically-
what inhibits gram stain |
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Definition
mycobacteria (M. tuberculosis and M leprae)
Gram +
waxy cell wall inhibits gram stain |
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Term
| Stains used in acid-fast stain |
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Definition
| carbolfuschin + acid + methylene blue |
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Term
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Definition
| malachite green detects bacilli (forms endospores, needs this stain) and clostridia |
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Term
Shapes:
Bacillus
Coccus
Spirochetes
Vibrio |
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Definition
rods
spheres
corkscrews
curved rods |
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Term
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Definition
norm (PrPe) vs abnorm PrPsc
aggrevation, misfolded protein misfold other proteins |
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Term
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Definition
familial
sporadic/spontaneuous
Accquired (cannibles |
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Term
| Size of viruses/viroins (viral particle) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
single species
Broad range |
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Term
example of viroid disease
(2) |
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Definition
| potato spindle tuber viroid, hepatitis D |
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Term
| Single species virus example: |
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Definition
| HIV, FIV (feline), cannine parvovirus |
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Term
| Broad range virus example: |
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Definition
| West nile (mosquitoes, birds, us) |
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Term
| Mammalian/human vs plant virus ex: |
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Definition
| Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) |
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Term
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Definition
virus that infects bacteria
T4 page |
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Term
| Viruses are classified via |
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Definition
| physcial structure, genome structure, enveloped vs naked, |
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Term
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Definition
| outer lipid membrane from host cell |
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Term
| example of enveloped vs non viruses: |
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Definition
enveloped: influenza
non enve: T4 |
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Term
Baltimore Groups
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII |
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Definition
I dsDNA-> mRNA
II ssDNA-> dsDNA -> mRNA
III dsRNA -> mRNA
IV ss (+)RNA -> ss (-) RNA -> mRNA
V ss (-) RNA-> mRNA
VI ss(+)RNA -> DNA -> mRNA
VII dsDNA-> mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
Lytic (virulent)
Lysogenic (temperate)
Slow Release |
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Term
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Definition
| replication and release-> host cell dies |
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Term
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Definition
integration of viral nucleic acids into host genome
Stress or random events-> lytic cycle
host dies |
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Term
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Definition
| slower-growing host cell survives |
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Term
| Basic of phage life cycle: |
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Definition
host recognition and attachment (hojack cell surface receptors)
Genome entry
Virion (viral particle) assembly
exit and transmission |
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Term
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Definition
| t4= nonenveloped group 1 virulent |
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Term
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Definition
express viral proteins
Digest host cell DNA
Synthesize capsid, viral DNA and assmble,
Lysis (cell bursts) releases virions |
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Term
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Definition
| lambda= nonenveloped Group 1 |
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Term
| Stages of lysogenic cycle: |
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Definition
forms prophage (integrates
Reproduces w/host DNA
Excision-> lytic cycle |
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Term
| What triggers excision in lysogenic cycle? |
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Definition
survival inside vs outside
random/stress induced |
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Term
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Definition
| M13= nonenveloped group II |
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Term
| What happens in the slow release phage life cycle |
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Definition
cell survives
slows host cell growth= diverted rescouces
no lysis |
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Term
| stages of slow release life cycle |
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Definition
phage DNA replication +capsid synthesis
assemble virions |
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