Term
| Which antivirals act as ion channel blockers to prevent viral uncoating? |
|
Definition
| amantidadine and rimantadine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What reaction does thymidine kinase catalyze? |
|
Definition
| Tdr -> TMP (IdUrd -> IdUMP) |
|
|
Term
| What reaction does thymidylate kinase catalyze? |
|
Definition
TMP-> TDP ->TTP
IdUMP-> IdUDP -> IdUTP |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of IDU? |
|
Definition
| pyrimidine analog of thymidine where teh 5' base carbon is substituted with iodine |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of IDU? |
|
Definition
| IDU triphosphate becomes incorporated into the viral genome inhibiting replication |
|
|
Term
| What was the first antiviral? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antiherpetic used for HSV keratitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme is required for use of IDU? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Resistance develops against IDU. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trifluidine, or 5-triflouro-methyl-2'-deoxyuridine |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of trifluidine? |
|
Definition
| pyrimidine analog of thymidine with three flourides added to the 5' carbon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incorporatesinto teh viral DNA causing faulty translation of viral DNA and faulty transcription of mRNA leading to biosynthesis of abnormal proteins |
|
|
Term
| Is TFT the drug of choice for epithelial HSV keratitis? |
|
Definition
| no, it used to be but is no longer the DOC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antiherpetic= HSV keratitis |
|
|
Term
| How is trifluidine administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F There is drug resistance against trifluidine (TFT). |
|
Definition
| false; almost NO drug resistance |
|
|
Term
| What enzyme is required for TFT to be effective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of TFT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the molecular structure of Ara-A? |
|
Definition
| deoxyadenosine analog; purine analogue with abnormal sugar |
|
|
Term
| What is the full name for Ara-A? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzymes are necessary for Ara-A? |
|
Definition
| cellular enzymes to add a triphosphate; DOES NOT REQUIRE THYMIDINE KINASE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antiherpetic (encephalitis, systemic infection) |
|
|
Term
| What was the first IV antiviral? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Ara-A? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Ara-A has limited solubility. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which drug is the "penicillin of antivirals"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of ACV? |
|
Definition
| purine analog of deoxyguanosine with an incomplete sugar ring (acyclic carbohydrate moiety) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viral TK phosphorylates ACV to acycloguanosine monophosphate. Cellular enzymes phosphorylate the monophosphate into acycloguanosine triphosphate. Acycloguanosine triphosphate incorporates into the viral DNA which terminates the chain and viral DNA polymerase is inactivated |
|
|
Term
| How does acycloguanosine specifically target cells with the virus? |
|
Definition
| it needs to be phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase which is only present in infected cells |
|
|
Term
| T/F Most all human cells have a thymidine kinase. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Most viral infections result in teh production of a viral thymidine kinase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is acycloguanosine used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the first oral antiviral? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme is required for ACG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F Resistance develops against ACG. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of ganciclovir? |
|
Definition
| purine analog of deoxyguanosine structurally similar to ACV; has an additional carbon and a hydroxyl group on the acyclic side chain |
|
|
Term
| What is the drug name for DHPG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phorylated to a monophosphate by a viral thymidine kinase, cellular enzymes phophorylate to the triphosphate form, inhibits binding of doxyguanosine triphosphate to the DNA polymerase terminating DNA elongation |
|
|
Term
| What is the use of DHPG therapy? |
|
Definition
| antiherpetic and CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is .15% ganciclovir gel used for? How is it administered? |
|
Definition
| antiherpetic= treatment of HSV keratitis. Topically oly |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for PVC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the use of penciclovir? |
|
Definition
| antiherpetic (fever blisters), |
|
|
Term
| How is penciclovir administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is PCV different from ACV? |
|
Definition
| greater stability (longer half life) and higher affinity for viral thymidine kinase |
|
|
Term
| What is famciclovir used for? |
|
Definition
| antiherpetic (genital herpes and VZV infections), hepatitis B adjuvent |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for FCV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is famciclovir administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of famciclovir? |
|
Definition
| pro-drug of penciclovir where sugar alcohols are acetylated |
|
|
Term
| What is the advantage to giving famciclovir over penciclovir? |
|
Definition
| famciclovir has increased bioavailability |
|
|
Term
| What is the oral prodrug of acycloguanosine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is valacyclovir administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the advantage to giving VACV over ACV? |
|
Definition
| increased bioavailability and reduced dosing |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of valacyclovir? |
|
Definition
| L-valine added to acycloguanosine |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of valacyclovir? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is valacyclovir used to treat? |
|
Definition
| anti-herpetic (treats genital HSV and VZV) |
|
|
Term
| What is valganciclovir used for? |
|
Definition
| anti-herpetic (primarily CMV) can be used for CMV retinitis and prophylactically in transplant patients |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of valganciclovir? |
|
Definition
| purine nucleoside with an abnormal sugar; L-valyl ester of DHPG |
|
|
Term
| What is the full name for VDHPG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for MIQ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of imiquimod? |
|
Definition
| not a protein or nucleoside or nucleotide. It is an imidazoquinoline |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of imiquimod? |
|
Definition
| activates the immune system (immunoenhancer) |
|
|
Term
| How is imiquimod administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is imiquimod used for? |
|
Definition
| adjuvant therapy for HSV-2 genital lesions; adjuvant therapy for HPV warts |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for DOL? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is docosanol used for? |
|
Definition
| antiherpetic (liquid enveloped viruses) broad spectrum against HSV-1, -2, HHV-6, RSV, HIV, Influenza A |
|
|
Term
| How is docosanol administered? |
|
Definition
| topically only (1% cream) |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of docosanol? |
|
Definition
| behenyl alcohol (22-carbon saturated fatty alcohol) |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of docosanol? |
|
Definition
| highly lipophilic and inhibits viral entry of lipid-enveloped viruses |
|
|
Term
| What is ribavirin used for? |
|
Definition
| influenza, hepatitis C adjuvant (braod-spectrum antiviral) |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of ribavirin? |
|
Definition
| guanosine (purine) analog |
|
|
Term
| How is ribavirin administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of ribavirin? |
|
Definition
| interferese with GMP formation; exact MOA not known |
|
|
Term
| List the nucleoside analogs that are pyrimidines? |
|
Definition
| IdU, TFT, AZT, ddC, 3TC, d4T |
|
|
Term
| List the nucleoside analogs that are purines? |
|
Definition
| Ara-A, ACG, DHPG, penciclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir, ddI, ABV, ribavirin |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of amantadine and rimantidine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are amantadine and rimantadine administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are rimantadine and amantadine used for? |
|
Definition
| prophylactically against influenza A |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of amantadine and rimantadine? |
|
Definition
| inhibits viral uncoating by blocking ion channels |
|
|
Term
| What type of molecule is interferon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is interferon produced? |
|
Definition
| recombinant DNA technology |
|
|
Term
| What viral diseases is interferon used to treat? |
|
Definition
| genital papillomas and hepatitis C in combination with other antivirals |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of zanamivir? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is zanamivir administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What viruses is zanamivir used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of zanamivir? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of oseltamivir? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is oseltamivir administered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What viruses is oseltamivir effective against? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of oseltamivir? |
|
Definition
| inhibits viral neuraminidase |
|
|
Term
| What is the structure of foscarnet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of foscarnet? |
|
Definition
| inhibits viral DNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
| How is foscarnet administered? |
|
Definition
| IV or directly to the retina |
|
|
Term
| What virus is foscarnet used to treat? |
|
Definition
|
|
