Home > Flashcards > Journalism > 2nd Semester Final

Details Title: 2nd Semester Final Description: final flashcards Total Flash Cards: 93 Created: 05/20/2007 11:19:53	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term attribution Definition the citing of the precise source of information Term prior review Definition the practice of reviewing material in advance of publication for the purpose of approving or disapproving content Term off the record Definition an agreement reached, before an interview begins, that the interviewer will not print the information the interviewee provides Term prior restraint Definition censorship, or restraint in advance of publication. exercised on publications at STA Term open-ended question Definition a question that is structured to allow the interview subject latitutde in answering; does not allow for a one-word answer Term close-ended question Definition an interview question that can be answered with a response as a simple "yes" or "no" Term editorializing Definition to include personal opinions in a supposedly objective story Term lead/lede Definition -grabs reader's attention & informs quickly -who, what, where, when, why, & how Term primary source Definition a person whose business it is to have the best and most reliable information about the topic, especially important in interviewing Term banner headline Definition runs all the way across the top of the page Term subhead Definition small headlines in the body of the story which break the story into "chapters" Term deck Definition secondary headline, advances story Term spread Definition two facing pages that correspond with one another Term feature story Definition less formal story about a topic in the news that is less hard hitting and important Term feature headline Definition less conventional headline that sometimes contains cliches and alliteration Term inverted pyramid Definition a style of news writing in which the main facts appear at the top of the article and less-significant facts follow until the end, where the facts may be dispensable. This gives the reader the essential facts first and permits expansion or contraction in editing and page layout. Term summary lead Definition a lead that provides the briefest possible summary of the major facts of a story in the first sentence Term tease Definition to use a lead that coaxes readers into a story by encouraging them to read further to see what the lead really means Term quote lead Definition a lead that begins with an unattributed quote, should be avoided Term question lead Definition a lead that begins with a question and should be avoided Term Name the seven news elements Definition timeliness, proximity, human interest, novelty/humor, prominence, conflict, consequence Term timeliness Definition relates to the newness of facts presented in a story Term proximity Definition refers to the nearness of a given event to your place of publication Term human interest Definition news element that causes the reader to feel emotion Term novelty/humor Definition relates to the abnormality of the subject of a story Term prominence Definition refers to the newsworthiness of an individual or organization that is featured in a story Term conflict Definition involves tension, surprise, and suspence Term consequence Definition refers to the importance of an event Term headlines: four things to remember Definition -use only future and present tense -avoid passive voice "doer do the doing" -helping verbs are omitted, "and" is "," -future tense expressed with "to" Term feature headlines Definition -wordplay -clever, witty -slogans, puns, cliches Term news headlines Definition -no double meanings -active voice -strong verbs Term proper title for adults (style) Definition Mr., Ms., or title such as President, etc. Term second reference to person in story (style) Definition last name only Term when referring to reverands...(style) Definition use "the" ...the Rev. Howard Stone Term formal title (style) Definition capitalize when used directly before names; elected authority or military activity Term capitalize: (style) Definition -all proper nouns -names of sections of country, but not directions -full names of schools, clubs, organizations, streets, geographical areas, or companies -proper names for races and nationalities -names of athletic teams -principal words in titles of literature, etc. Term do not capitalize: (style) Definition -one word titles when preceding or following names of adults -student's grade level when directly before a name -course titles, except languages -academic departments -personal titles used without names -the words street, company, club, or similar words, unless part of specific name -a.m., p.m. -seasons, names of classes, boards and committees, school rooms and buildings Term abbreviate: (style) Definition -Jr. or Sr. following a name, no comma -long names or other familiar names where there can be no confusion -"saint" in place names Term do not abbreviate: (style) Definition -days of week -the words street, avenue, Christmas, railroad, company, fort, or point -distances, weights, or the words percent and degrees Term dates and times: (style) Definition -specific dates: "Jan. 8" -within week: name of day -never abbreviate individual months -never use year with date unless there could be confusion -try and use yesterday, today, tomorrow -don't use the word "on", or "o'clock" Term figures: (style) Definition -use for ages, dimensions, money, percens, days of month, degrees, hours of day, scores, room numbers, page, chapter, street numbers -spell out zero-nine, digits for 10 + -"st", "nd" and "th" after numbered streets above ninth, never with dates -money under $1, figure + "cents", +$1 = dollar sign -don't begin sentence with figure -figures for lists with number below and above ten Term titles: (style) Definition -quotation marks for titles, plays, poems, chapters, moview, songs, radio & TV programs -italicize book titles -capitalize and italicize newpaper and magazine names Term spelling and usage: (style) Definition -always use first given spelling in dictionary -refer to AP style guide -use shorter spelling for program, quartet, and catalog, no simplified forms of nite and thru -er form of theater -no "s" at the end of forward, backward, or toward -distinguish between homonymns -alumnus for masculine singular, alumni for masculine plural, alumna for feminine singular, alumnae for feminine plural Term Name the 8 photo composition principles Definition Fill the Frame, Simplicity, Leading Lines, Original Angle, Repetition, Rule of Thirds, Framing, Break the Rules Term fill the frame Definition in a photo with a full frame, the subject takes up most of the space and there is no wasted, empty space around the edges Term simplicity Definition a simple photo has very few elements. the center of visual interest grab attention, nothing distracting in foreground or background Term leading lines Definition use lines available in your surroundings to lead the viewer to the main point of interest Term original angle Definition photos taken with an "original angle" provide an interesting view of the subject Term repetition Definition reflects the recurring use of visual arrangements to create order in a design-repetition is mostinteresting when broken Term rule of thirds Definition a method of composing photographs in which the field of vision is divided into thirds horizontally and vertically and the image is placed at the intersection of any two lines- the subject of the photo are off center Term framing Definition using the object in the foreground to "frame" something else in the background can help provide visual variety or a new graphic element to a photo Term Five elements of photojournalism Definition News, candid, honest, active, has deadline pressure Term rangefinder Definition -viewfinder gives basic estimate of what the lens is seeing -most point and shoot cameras are rangefinders -suffer from parallax Term parallax Definition the difference between what the viewfinder sees and what the camera records, especially at close distances. caused by separation between viewfinder and lens Term SLR (Single Lens Reflex) Definition allows you to see through the lens as you look in the viewfinder Term digital camera Definition records the image on an image sensor rather than film Term cropping Definition eliminating parts of the photograph around the edges Term what not to do when cropping: Definition -force a photo into a frame to fit size requirements -don't cut off body parts -don't crop to change meaning Term Four reasons for cropping Definition -make a photo better -eliminate unnecessary space or elements -create an interesting shape -level out photographs that were crooken when taken Term inside-out cropping method Definition start at main point of interest and work your way out until every necessary element is included Term focal length Definition -effects perspective & angle of view -the greater the focal length, the more zoomed in you are -marked in millimeters on the side Term perspective Definition how far the foreground and background appear to be separated from one another Term angle of view Definition angle that you can view; decreases as zoom increases Term 50 mm rule Definition normal perspective; 100 mm have 2x, etc. Term wide angle lens Definition wider at the top with a curved glass covering; shorter focal length and wider field of view Term telephoto lens Definition longer focal length and narrower field of view; used in sports and nature photography Term zoom lens Definition can be adjusted to a variety of lengths Term elements of exposure Definition shutter speed, f-stop/aperture, film speed/iso Term exposure Definition the combination of camera settings that determine the amount of light that hits the film Term shutter speed Definition measured in fractions of a second, 1/8000 to 1 sec, the amount of time that the film is exposed to light Term aperture Definition size of lens opening, a.k.a. f-stop f/22-f/2.8 Term depth of field Definition the area of the picture in front of and behind the center in sharp focus Term film speed Definition \iso, sensitivity of the emulsion to light 100-least 3200-most Term film speed Definition \iso, sensitivity of the emulsion to light 100-least 3200-most Term folio Definition page number Term teaser Definition boxed copy that promotes stories inside the issue Term nameplate Definition states the name of the paper as well as the volume and issue numbers Term gutter Definition white space that separates columns and facing pages Term logo Definition a title with art that identifies a standing feature Term mug shot Definition a photo that shows only the head and shoulders of a person Term photo credit Definition a line that identifies the photographer who took a photo Term rule Definition a vertical or horizontal line that separates elements Term info graphic Definition visual representation of a statistic Term screen Definition shaded area Term pull quote Definition a quote pulled from a story and made into a graphic Term pull quote Definition a quote pulled from a story and made into a graphic Term initial cap Definition a large capital letter at the beginning of a story Term caption Definition lines of copy that explain the content of a photo Term jump line Definition a line of copy that indicates where the story will continue Term internal margin Definition a consistent margin of white space between photos and copy Term byline Definition a line that identifies a story's writer Term four basic design principles Definition create a dominant element, produce contrast, understand balance, create rhythm/repetition Term development of theme Definition cover & endsheet designs, synonyms, design elements pulled from cover, design of spreads