Details Title: 2nd Exam Description: Prokaryotes Total Flash Cards: 20 Created: 10/12/2009 15:33:19		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Biology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term Prokaryote General Information Definition Prokaryotes are extremely diverse, and not very well known. Only about 10% of bacteria is known, so only 1% or so is known about prokaryotes. Term Diversity Definition They are the oldest and structurally simplest forms of life (Stromatolites ~ 3billion years ago) They are ubiquitous. Term Types of Prokaryotes Definition Bacteria (Eubacteria) & Archaea (Archaeabacteria) Term Features of Prokaryotes Definition Unicellular, some can form biofilms, cell size is 1uM in diamater Term Chromosomes Definition Chromosome: Single circular double-stranded DNA, found in the nucleoid region. Not inclosed in a nucleus, but still in a centralized region of the cell. Term Biofilm Definition Sticky like glue, contains nutrients, minerals, things the cell can draw upon. Helps bacteria stick to whatever substrate they are on. Term Internal compartmentalization Definition No membrane-bound organelles, but do have non-membranous organelles such as magnetosomes. Term Magnetosomes Definition protien based molecules that can detect and transmit information about magnetic fields. Enables bacteria to orient and respond to magnetic fields. Term Cell Division Definition Most divided by binary fission, a-sexual reproduction Term Genetic recombination Definition occurs through horizontal gene transfer Term Capsul Definition largly protienacious and protective layer on outside of cell well. Term Common Bacteria Shapes Definition Coccus, Baccillus, Spiral :(Spiriullum (rigid helix) & Spirochete (flexible helix) Term Pili Definition protien structures that extend from the cell, help bacteria ahere (stick) to surfaces, & genetic exchange by using special pili that are hollow that connect one cell to another. Term Genetic Reproduction Material Definition circular DNA molecule, plasmids. Term Plasmids Definition allow bacteria to exhange genetic material & give antibiotic resistance which can spread to the whole bacteria. Term Asexual reproduction Definition Binary fission (splitting parent cell in equal halves) , budding (splitting parent cell into unequal parts), fragmentation (breaking into multiple daugter cells, usually equal in size). Term Genetic Exchange Types Definition Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation. All ways of horozontal gene transfer. Term Conjugation Definition cells of different mating types. Term Transduction Definition Phage carries bacterial DNA between cells (allows us to mass produce antibiotics) Term Transformation Definition intake of DNA fragments.