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| Prokaryote General Information |
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Definition
Prokaryotes are extremely diverse, and not very well known.
Only about 10% of bacteria is known, so only 1% or so is known about prokaryotes. |
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They are the oldest and structurally simplest forms of life (Stromatolites ~ 3billion years ago)
They are ubiquitous. |
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| Bacteria (Eubacteria) & Archaea (Archaeabacteria) |
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| Unicellular, some can form biofilms, cell size is 1uM in diamater |
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Chromosome: Single circular double-stranded DNA, found in the nucleoid region.
Not inclosed in a nucleus, but still in a centralized region of the cell. |
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Sticky like glue, contains nutrients, minerals, things the cell can draw upon. Helps bacteria stick to whatever
substrate they are on. |
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| Internal compartmentalization |
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Definition
| No membrane-bound organelles, but do have non-membranous organelles such as magnetosomes. |
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| protien based molecules that can detect and transmit information about magnetic fields. Enables bacteria to orient and respond to magnetic fields. |
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Definition
| Most divided by binary fission, a-sexual reproduction |
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| occurs through horizontal gene transfer |
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| largly protienacious and protective layer on outside of cell well. |
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| Coccus, Baccillus, Spiral :(Spiriullum (rigid helix) & Spirochete (flexible helix) |
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| protien structures that extend from the cell, help bacteria ahere (stick) to surfaces, & genetic exchange by using special pili that are hollow that connect one cell to another. |
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| Genetic Reproduction Material |
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Definition
| circular DNA molecule, plasmids. |
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| allow bacteria to exhange genetic material & give antibiotic resistance which can spread to the whole bacteria. |
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Binary fission (splitting parent cell in equal halves) , budding (splitting parent cell into unequal parts), fragmentation (breaking
into multiple daugter cells, usually equal in size). |
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| Transformation, Transduction, Conjugation. All ways of horozontal gene transfer. |
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| cells of different mating types. |
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| Phage carries bacterial DNA between cells (allows us to mass produce antibiotics) |
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