-Reintroduction of Greek Scholars to Western Culture

• Beginning of modern science as "non-dogmatic"
• Scholasticism, knowing god through rational processes not just faith

-Flowering of intellectual pursuits (i.e. DaVinci)

-Printing Press (1440), Fall of Constantinople (1453), releasing Greek scholars to the west.

-Increased emphasis on an individuals abilities, rather than bloodline, shaped by environment rather than inherited

-World is made of tiny particles (atoms)

-Living things had mobile atoms, nonliving had immoble atoms

-(links to active and passive mind)

-Sensations enter body as particles through pores in sensory receptors

-Spiritual and physical health balanced by 4 humors (blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm)

-Brain is seat of the psyche

-Theorems of Geometry

-Sensation distorts our knowledge

-Math is pure reason, not distorted by senses, math = truth

-Only humans have reason, not just feelings and souls

-Axioms of geometry and math, interobserver reliability

-Earth center o the universe, motion of the planets and stars different. Planets= "wanderers"

-Associated 4 humors with 4 temperaments

• Sanguine (Cheerful), Choleric (Fiery), Melancholic (Sad), Plegmatic (Unemotional)
• rudimentary views of personality

-Distinguisehed between Sensory and motor nerves

• Placed mind in the brain

-Attacked sophists, physical realit only part of life

-need transcendent principles- logic and reason

-Socratic method= rigorous questioning to get answer, knowledge is universal

-Socratic, pythagorean mysticism/math

-much more (read in powerpoint)

-Platos student. Empiricist, with nativist platonian concepts

-Dualist/emphasis on rational processes to know soul

-Inductive and Deductive logic for truth

-Organization/classification of scientific knowledge

-Dualist, Senses (body) inform soul (mind), but mind interprets and corrects info

-understanding of body is important for truth

-read more in powerpoint

No active/immortal soul

-Mind functions to react to stimuli (not prepare for afterlife)

-somewhat hedonistic, enjoy the current senses (in moderation!)

-Used telescope to discover 4 moons oriting Jupiter

• Strayed from church dogma, forced to recant

-Primary qualities should be science subject matter

-Secondary qualities excluded from science (whats in the mind--> distorted view of reality)

-Universe can only be understood in mathematical terms 

-Christianization of neoplatonic/stoic philosophy (became leader

-Platonic relationship between mind/body

-Sensory info primitive and consciousness is metaphysical (affirming platonic dualism)

-Reviewed Aristotle's works to reconcile church dogma

-Empirical but deductive apporach

-Aristotle's dualism vs Plato interactionism of church

-Reintroduction of ancient scholars

empiricist, truth found in sensory agreement of observers

-Opposed Aristotle's deductive/rational view, inf favor of inductive/empirical

-Attempt to reconcile church theology with Aristotle

-Scholasticism

-tried to weaken church's hold on knowledge, truth could be arrived at by reason not just faith

-sex was still sinful

-Experience IS knowledge (empiricism)

-Sophist position physical reality is experience

-Occam's Razor- shave away rational and perceptual (unneccessary assumptions) and see things as they are

-Deductive logic, reasoning, math

-founded Heliocentric model (sun as center of universe) 

-Seen as initiator of the scientific revolution

-Made laws for planetary motion (elliptical)

-Mathematical harmony

-Skeptical inductive approach: data first, let theory emerge after

-primary qualities should be studied for replicative purposes

-observer bias: personal/cultural/semantic/dogmatic

-USE TECHNOLOGY

-Influenced Skinner/behaviorism

-Goal of science is to improve human condition

-Renaissance, emphasized individualism, personal relationships with god, interest in classical wisdom, negative attitude towards Aristotle's philosophy

-discovering truth by understanding it rationally.  Don't trust the mind because its easy to disort reality (nativistic and empiricistic)

-natural/environmental causes for behavior and mind

-gives us physical science

-Believed you cant trust your senses

-Better to suffer an illusion, take things as they are

-Truth is relative and there can be many truths

-The original spin meister, believed you had to convince people of truth, taught such communication skills

Study as an end ot itself, not as a means to discovering truth

-Truth and order of universe found in pure abstract mathematics

-Mathematical truths transcent physical life (pure and universal [mysticism]) 

-Blood, Yellow bile, Black bile, and Phlegm

-According to Hippocrates which was based on Alcmacon's Theme of Homeostasis

many specifics to general truth, data comes first before theory

-Thought, personality, behavior in someone. Represents soul/mind/self

-Freud used this as well as Jung

-Since Mathematical truths transcend physical life, they are pure and universal

Pythagorean belief

-Copernicus theory that placed sun at the center of universe

Alcmacon (humanist) said life and activity thought equilibrium

Biomedical

illness of body and mind is an imbalance between the humors

conscious experience and movement due to spirits

-death was loss of spirit

-Sophist's paradox of a runner never being able to finish race

-Anaxagoras idea of a force that is a part of all life, oversees elements, permeates all living things

Our complex ideas= made of compiling bits and pieces 

percepts->perceptions->ideas

-Rational processes lead to truth, but irrational reasoning may never allow you to see the rational explanation

-When we think of things, we tend to think of the opposite as well

when we think of something, we tend to think of things that were experienced along with it, two things happening at the same time

Nativistic, predetermined information, do not fight fate

St. Augustine

Humans passive matter acted upon by fate

Body the agent/prison of the soul/mind

Soul responsible for highest intellectual reasoning, using sensory info to create ideas

Sol strives to dominate body rejecting material world