Term
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Definition
| process by which we look inwards and examine our thoughts, feelings, and motives |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of thinking about ourself |
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Term
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Definition
– theories about the causes of one's own feelings and behaviors, usually derived from our cultures
-- Eg. Absence makes the heart grow fonder; out of sight, out of mind |
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Term
| reasons-generated attitude change |
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Definition
| attitude change resulting from thinking about one’s attitudes; people assume their attitudes match the reasons that are plausible and easy to verbalize |
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Term
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Definition
When we are uncertain about our attitudes & feelings, we infer them by observing our own behavior
– We do this only when we are uncertain about how we feel
– We do this only if there’s something in the situation that can be used as a clue |
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Term
| two-factor theory of emotion |
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Definition
We infer our emotions
– by observing our internal behavior (i.e., physiological arousal) 1st
– by observing the external environment 2nd
• Two Steps
– experience physiological arousal
– seek an appropriate explanation for it |
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Term
| misattribution of arousal |
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Definition
| People make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do |
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Term
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Definition
We learn about and evaluate ourselves in comparison with other people
-we use it when there are no objective standards
-who do we choose to compare ourselves with?
– It depends on our motivation!
– Most useful to compare ourselves to similar others if we want to get an accurate sense of where we stand |
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Term
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Definition
compare ourselves to people who are
better than we are on a particular trait(to aspire to do better) |
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Term
| downward social comparison |
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Definition
compare ourselves to people who are
worse than we are on a particular trait
(to boost our egos) |
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Term
| BIRGing - basking in reflected glory |
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Definition
Close to other person or group
• Activity not central to our self-esteem
• Performance of other person is high
we do this! |
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Term
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Definition
| An attempt to get others to like us --flattery, |
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Term
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Definition
Goal is to be feared. To arouse
fear, one makes threats.
Problem: Someone can call your bluff.
Tip: Follow Through. |
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Term
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Definition
Goal is to appear helpless
Problem: can appear lazy and demanding |
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Term
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Definition
An attempt to get others to see us as competent. The goal is to be respected more than liked.
– Stage performances
– Claim competence
• Problem: Seeming conceited
• Tip 1: Have someone else do it for you
• Tip 2: Make fun of your standing on an unimportant attribute
– Use ―competence props‖ |
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Term
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Definition
The proactive
implementation of the self-serving bias;
People may strategically arrange the situation before the performance so that the resulting attributions are constrained to be self-serving (i.e., failure = external attribution)
PROBLEM: They may ultimately have the effect of making failure more likely |
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Term
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Definition
Goal is to be seen as morally worthy (and superior)
• Assumption: Others will want to emulate—that’s powerful positive feedback!
• Problem: Often viewed as hypocrites
• EXAMPLE: Sex scandals among church leaders |
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Term
| displays of status and power |
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Definition
Goal is to convey status and power
– Display artifacts of status and power
– Communicate dominance with nonverbal
expressions (e.g., anger)
– Associate with people of status and power
– THINK: BIRGing |
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