Details Title: 22 - digestive system Description: na Total Flash Cards: 37 Created: 04/24/2009 12:36:22		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Anatomy Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term alimentary canal Definition also called gastrointestinal tract; this is the continuous muscular digestive tube that winds through the body Term accessory digestive organs Definition teeth, tongue, gallbladder, and number of large digestive glands such as salivary glands, liver and pancreas make up these organs Term mucosa Definition layer whose functions are secretion of mucus, absorption of end products of digestion in blood, and protection against infectious disease Term submucosa Definition moderately dense connective tissue containing blood and lymphatic vessles, lymphoid follicles, and nerve fibers Term muscularis externa Definition layer responsible for segmentation and peristalsis. Term serosa Definition protective outermost layer of intraperitoneal organs; visceral peritoneum Term adventitia Definition serosa is replaced by this in esophagus Term epithelium of mucosa Definition this layer has mucus secreting globlet cells of mucosa Term muscularis mucosae Definition layer of mucosa that contains smooth muscle cells and produces local movements of mucosa; Term lamina propria Definition under lies the epithelium of mucosa; its capillaries nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients Term enteric neurons Definition neurons that communicate widely with one another to regulate digestive system activity; Term submucosal nerve plexus Definition occupies the submucosa; includes sensory as well as motor neurons; chiefly regulates activity of glands and smooth muscle in the mucosa in alimentary canal Term myenteric nerve plexus Definition lines between circular and longitudinal muscle layers of muscularis externa; contains enteric neurons that control patterns of segmentation and peristalsis; largely automatic involving local reflex arcs Term deglutition Definition fancy word for swallowing Term chyme Definition in stomach, food is converted a creamy paste called this Term mucous neck cells Definition these cells found in upper regions of gastic glands, produce a thin, different type of mucus from that secreted by goblet cells of surface epithelium; acidic mucous, function unknown Term parietal cells Definition found mainly in middle region of gastric glands scattered among the chief cells, simultaneously secrete HCL and intrinsic factor Term chief cells Definition these cells in gastric glands secrete pepsinogen, inactive form of protein-digesting enzyme pepsin Term enteroendocrine cells Definition cells in gastric glands that release variety of chemical messengers directly into interstitial fluid of laminia propria; example: gastrin; these chemicals go into bloodstream Term mucosal barrier Definition this protects stomach from digesting itself Term intrinsic factor Definition thing released in stomach that is required for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12; needed to produce mature RBC's. Term cephalic reflex phase Definition this phase of gastric secretion occurs before food enters stomach; stimulated by aroma, taste, etc. Term gastric phase Definition phase of gastric secretion that initiates when food reaches stomach, stimulated by local neural and hormonal mechanisms; Term G cells Definition type of endteroendocrine cells that release gastrin responding to rising pH and partially digested proteins, and caffeine Term enterogastric reflex Definition inhibitory component of intestinal phase of gastric secretion; occurs when intestine distends with chyme containing large amounts of H+ Term Plasticity Definition smooth muscle expands when stretched; describing stomach Term circular folds Definition deep permanent folds of mucosa and submucosa in small intestines Term villi Definition fingerlike projections of mucosa that give it a velvety texture; Term lacteal Definition a wide lymph capillary that is inside in the core of each villus; digested foodstuffs are absorbed into here (and blood) Term intestinal crypts Definition these are tubular intestinal glands; secrete intestinal juice, antimicrobial agents Term Peyer's Patches Definition these increase in abundance toward end of small intestine; type of aggregated lymphoid follicles; Term brush border enzymes Definition enzymes on plasma membranes of microvilli which complete digestion of carbs and proteins in small intestine Term liver lobules Definition functional units of liver; consist of heptocyte s(liver cells) Term enterohepatic circulation Definition the process by which bile salts are recycled Term CCK Definition stimulus for gallbladder contraction Term acini Definition clusters of secretory cells surrounding ducts in pancreas; manufacture digestive enzymes Term Valsalva’s maneuver Definition how we close glottis and contract our diaphragm and abdominal wall muscles to increase intra-abdominal pressure - this aids defacation