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| Who did the earliest scientific study of folk music? |
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| Who did t he most extensive study of Eastern Music |
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| WHo achieved the most complete synthesis of folk idioms and art music? |
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| What was Bartok's most important non-operatic work |
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| What composer made signifigant contributions to music education |
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| What popular work by Kodaly is a Singspeil and an orchestra suit |
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| A vital part of Orff's education curriculum is what? |
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| What was Orff's most famous work? |
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| What was the most important influence on Vaughan William's Music |
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| What compositional technique was a trafdemark of Vaughn Williams music? |
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| What popular work by Kodaly is a Singspiel and an Orchestra Suite? |
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| A vital part of Orff’s education curriculum is what? |
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| What is Orff’s most famous work? |
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| What was the most important influence on Vaughan Williams’ music? |
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| What compositional technique was a trademark of Vaughan Williams’ music? |
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| For what type of English music did Vaughan Williams lay the groundwork? |
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| In what area were Britten’s principle contributions? |
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| solo songs, choral works, and operas |
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| What is Britten’s best-known opera? |
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| Which Russian composer followed the Soviet regulations regarding the function of art music and was the least innovative? |
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| Which Russian composer foreshadowed the Neoclassic movement by writing a Classic Symphony? |
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| What are the significant characteristics of Bartok’s music? |
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Definition
| elements of Magyar folk music, driving rhythms, ostinato, and tone clusters. |
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| Who were two members of the “Second Viennese School?” |
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| Whose symphonies were his greatest contribution to the music of the mid-twentieth century? |
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| What were the two main factors that generated the development of dodecaphony? |
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Definition
1. the increasingly abundant use of dissonances in Post-Romantic music.
2. greater interest in and an ever-increasing use of linear counterpoint. |
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| Who was the main developer of serialism? |
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| Who was the main developer of serialism? |
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| What was Schoenberg’s first distinctive post-Romantic style work? |
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| Erwartung and Die gluckiche Hand are from which of Schoenberg’s style period? |
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| 2nd – Dissonant pantonal Expressionistic works |
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| In which composition did Schoenberg first realize the possibilities of the 12-tone system? |
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| When did the neoclassic movement begin? |
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Definition
| near the end of World War I |
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| Who were the chief exponents of Neoclassic music? |
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| Who was the least prolific composer of Les Six? |
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| What were Auric’s most important musical contributions? |
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| The bulk of Honegger’s music was what type? |
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| Poulenc was a master of what type of music? |
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| What are the significant characteristics of Milhaud’s music? |
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Definition
| objective, characterized by lyrical melodies, formal clarity, skillful use of counterpoint, and bitonality or polytonality |
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Term
| What is Hindemith’s book on the philosophy of music? |
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| What was Hindemith’s basic philosophy of music? |
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| What was Hindemith’s operatic masterpiece? |
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| What is the main feature of Le sacre du printemps? |
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| What was a forerunner of Stravinsky’s Neoclassic period? |
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| Who was one of the most influential composition teachers of the 20th century? |
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| Who was the most outstanding American-born composer between the world wars? |
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| Blues entered the American concert hall in what piece? |
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| Who was one of the pioneers in compiling and publishing folk songs for children? |
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| Who included his musical signature in many of his works? |
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| What 12-tone composer wrote short, condensed works? |
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| One person unfolds the entire drama in what? |
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| One person unfolds the entire drama in what? |
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Term
| In 1965, who built the first voltage-controlled synthesizers? |
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Term
| What was the fist musical composition that had the score produced by a computer? |
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Definition
| Illiac Suite for String Quartet |
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Term
| What non-serial work of Messiaen influenced many of his serialist students? |
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| Who was the chief exponent of serialism in France during the 1940’s? |
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| What treatment is the most unusual characteristic of Messiaen’s music? |
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| What influenced the melodies of Messiaen? |
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| What are characteristics of Messian’s music? |
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Definition
| plainsong and liturgical references, birdsongs, color-chords, and rhythmic precision |
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Term
| Who used the term Musique Concrete as a term to describe taped compositions? |
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| Who prepared musique concrete for the movie Astrologie? |
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| What is Boulez’s best-known and probably most expressive composition? |
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| Who contributed the technique of chord manipulation to serialism? |
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| Who decried Schoenberg’s failure to develop serialism, and affirmed Webern the leader? |
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| What German composer was the early leader in the developments in electronic music? |
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| Who composed Vier Stucke, a composition created from purely synthetic sounds? |
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Term
| Who wrote Studie II, the first electronic composition to be published in score? |
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| Who combined the use of space and the human voice in the electronic composition Gesang der Junglinge? |
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Term
| What was Stockhausen’s first composition to be based on a specific melodic formula? |
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| Who influenced Varese in during 1920-1930? |
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| What was the earliest composition created on tape and who composed it? |
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Term
| Who located the idea of combinatoriality in Schoenberg’s work and developed it in his own? |
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Term
| What piece by Babbit is the first real example of rhythmic serialization? |
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Definition
| Three Compositions for Piano |
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Term
| Who used numbed sequences to determine the structure of rhythm in his String Quartet in Four Part ans Concerto? |
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Term
| Whose works have been highly influential in regard to indeterminancy in music? |
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| What are characteristics of Ligeti’s music? |
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| Who was the first composer to use minimalism in music? |
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Definition
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| Who are the principle exponents of minimalist music? |
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| Who were the leading Neoromantic composers in America? |
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Definition
| Tredici, Adams, Zwilich, Tower |
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Definition
| All possible frequencies sounding simultaneously |
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Term
| In Spain, who was the pioneer in the return to consonant harmonic music? |
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| What was the title of John Corigliano’s second opera, commissioned by the New York Met and then premiered in 1991? |
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| Who composed the series of operas based on Genesis, entitled Licht? |
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| the science of harmonious body movements |
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| term synonymous with 12-tone music |
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| the effort to convey the artist’s inner feelings rather than to represent external reality |
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| the total absence of any center of key tonality |
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| the presence of all tonal centers |
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| a melody created not simply by successive pitches but by changing instrumental timbre |
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| athematic music constructed from isolated notes often highlighted by different timbres |
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| revival of the classical style |
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| he application of the rules of serial composition to all possible musical parameters |
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Definition
| sounds were from natural sources created directly on tape |
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| placement of foreign objects among the piano stings to create unusual sounds and new timbres |
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Definition
| music that is characterized by repetition of short figures, tonal harmony, slow harmonic rhythm, and more or less regular pulsation |
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Definition
| music, costumes, and scenery depicting primitive life |
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Term
| What are the significant characteristics of Prokofiev’s music? |
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Definition
1. Nationalism is present but is mingled with Classic and Modern features.
2. He used traditional forms and was adept at motivic development.
3.His music is tonal, with lyrical but angular melodies, strong motor rhythm, and sudden modulations to unexpected keys.
4. Bosso ostinato occurs frequently.
5. The instrumental writing is idiomatic.
6. Fuller sonority is achieved by having dissimilar instruments double the passage.
7. Symphonies include piano and harp. |
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Term
| How did Berg and Webern utilize tone rows? |
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Definition
Berg did not adhere to a single row for an entire composition; often he combined tonal and non-tonal elements in a work.
Webern strictly adhered to serial principles, used one row per movement, and wrote highly ordered counterpoint that was concentrated in extremely compressed forms. |
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Term
| What are the significant characteristics of Schoenberg’s music? |
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Definition
1. melodies contain wide leaps
2. the use of small motifs
3. the absence of vigorous propelling rhythms
4. emphasis on counterpoint
5. a penchant for constantly changing tone colors |
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Term
| What are the significant characteristics of Berg’s music? |
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Definition
1. use of scales that are largely whole-tone
2. prolongation of a passage by melodic expansion of an interval
3. combining atonality with traditional forms
4. suggesting tonality in what is actually atonality |
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Term
| How did Stravinsky use rhythm? |
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Definition
| He based rhythms on the constancy of a minimum value and used multiples of that, making whatever adjustments were necessary in meter signatures and bar line placements. |
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Term
| What are the techniques of unity that underline the diversity of Stravinsky’s style? |
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Definition
1. he never completely abandoned key tonality
2. he worked with opposing tonal poles
3. he used modality, bitonality, polytonality, and dodecaphonic techniques
4. rhythm is his most important feature |
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Term
| Who played a decisive roll in the development of music in Mexico during the second quarter of the 20th century? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the philosophy of expressionistic composition? |
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Definition
| A composer sought to express inner feelings and created atonal/pantonal works in which the music is abstract and intense and traditional harmony and formal patterns are distorted or ignored. |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Neoromantic music? |
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Definition
More emphasis on melody and on tonality (tonality unlike that of the 19th century).
1. the 1st and 5th scale degree no longer possess the tonal pull
2. chordlike appreciations of pitches form harmonies that succeed one another without the feeling that functional relationships exist between them.
3. pieces are written without designation of a “key tonality,” but tonal centers appear within the work and movement from one tonal center to another is achieved without the traditional processes of modulation. |
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Term
| What are the four main points of Hindemith’s compositional philosophy? |
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Definition
1. music must be understood as a communication between the composer and consumer of the music
2. a composer must be a performing musician and must have acquired familiarity with instruments through participation in ensembles
3. key tonality is unavoidable
4. endorsed the theory expressed in the writings of Plato, Ptolemy, Boethius, and other ancient and medieval philosophers that the principles of order governing the acoustical ratios of musical intervals and the order within a musical composition symbolize and reflect the principles that govern the universe |
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Term
| How did Berg’s treatment of 12-tone differed from Schoenberg and Webern? |
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Definition
1. used dodecaphonic and nondodecaphonic episodes in the same work
2. frequently supported a tone row with harmony in or suggesting a key
3. sometimes used different rows in the same work and even in the same movement
4. used retrograde and retrograde inversions of a row only in palindromes
5. usually wrote lyrical music |
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Term
| What are the two principle factors that generated the move toward the 12-tone system? |
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Definition
1. the increasingly abundant use of dissonances in post-Romantic music
2. greater interest in and an ever-increasing use of linear counterpoint. |
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Term
| What are four versions of the tone row used in the formation of the 12-tone matrix? |
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Definition
1. original row
2. retrograde
3. inversion
4. retrograde inversion |
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