Details Title: 20th Century Midterm Description: Truman 1st Term Total Flash Cards: 49 Created: 01/26/2009 16:49:04		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional History Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term What was the name of the first and second Bikini Island tests? Definition Abel and Baker Term What type of test was Abel and what type was Baker? Definition Abel=atmospheric Baker=underwater Term What was the biggest test at Bikini Island and what type of bomb was it? Definition Operation Bravo, H-Bomb Term Where did most of the US bomb tests take place? Definition Nevada Test Site (NTS/Nevada Proving Grounds) Term What two countries could GB no longer provide financial aid to? Definition Greece and Turkey Term Why is the US concerned with Greece and Turkey? Definition They are both being pressured by communists Term Did the US help Greece and Turkey not fall to the communists? Definition Yes Term Who said that if Greece and Turkey fell then communism would spread as far as Iran and India? Definition Undersecretary of State Dean Acheson Term What the Truman Doctrine state? Definition That it must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures Term What does bi-partisan mean? Definition Both parties (Reps and Dems) Term Who came up with the policy of containment? Definition Foreign Service officer George Kennan, Term Who proposed the Marshall Plan? Definition Secretary of State George C. Marshall Term What did the Marshall Plan do? Definition Billions of dollars to the countries for the economic recovery of Europe but they had to buy American goods and provide investment opportunities for American capital Term What was the objective of the Marshall Plan? Definition To improve living conditions of Europe end the need for continued American relief funds Term What were the achievements of the Marshall Plan? Definition Promoted miraculous economic recovery, furthered political stability, reduced communist influence, encouraged the economic unity of Western Europe Term What was the Cold War? Definition A global ideological conflict between democracy and communism Term What was the Red Scare? Definition A movement of anti-communist hysteria that reached its peak in the 1950s Term What did the Truman administration promulgate in 1947? Definition A loyalty security program that barred communists or people who associated with communists from govt. jobs Term Why did the Truman administration and Supreme Court allow the civil rights of citizens to be threatened and limited during the Red Scare? Definition Primarily because of the widespread belief that communism so endangered the nation’s security that the rights of individuals, especially those supposed to be communists, could be ignored Term How was anti-communism used for partisan purposes? Definition Republican Party sought to capitalize on the alleged communist infiltration of the New Deal Term HUAC: Full name, year established, main objective, 3 major things it did Definition House Un-American Activities Committee, 1937, Main objective was the investigation of Un-American and subversive activities, loyalty oaths/KKK/Hollywood Term What were required by loyalty oaths? Definition All govt. employees were required to take loyalty oaths and declare that they were not nor ever had been communists Term Did HUAC ever do anything to the KKK and why? Definition No, many in HUAC supported the KKK Term When did HUAC investigate Hollywood? Definition 1947 Term What did HUAC decide about Hollywood? Definition Declared that Hollywood filmmakers employed subtle techniques in pictures glorifying the communist system Term What was the Hollywood Ten? Definition Ten of the 41 people called in by HUAC refused to answer the question “Are you now, or have you ever been a member of the communist party?” Term What was decided about HUAC and the Hollywood Ten? Definition HUAC and the courts during appeals disagreed and all were found guilty of contempt of Congress and each was sentenced to between 6 and 12 months in prison Term What is blacklisting? Definition When your name was added to a blacklist drawn up by Hollywood film studios (normally because you were suspected of communism or refused to name names of communists) and you would not be hired Term What were the three main demographic changes in the post-WWII era? Definition Mobility, Sunbelts, Movement to the suburbs Term Describe the mobility demographic change. What was a result of it? Definition Americans moved more freely and the distance between families grew, parents did not recieve instruction from their parents on how to care for their children Term Where were the Sunbelts? Definition Texas to Arizona and Virginia to Florida Term Why did people move to the Sunbelts? Definition Jobs, it’s warm, more land, cheaper land, lower taxes, defense contracts went to these places, federal funding helps the growth of the sunbelts Term Who moved to the suburbs? Definition Upper and middle class whites Term What two organizations made it economical to own a house in the suburbs? Definition Federal Housing Authority (FHA) and the Veterans Administration Home Loan Guarantees Term What was Levittown, where was it, and who built it? Definition Levitt brothers built Levittown on NY's Long Island, built hundreds of the same designed houses in a single project Term What was the movement of white Americans moving to the suburbs called? Definition White Flight Term Who fills the void in the cities left by the White Flight? Definition Blacks from the South Term What happens to cities because of the White Flight? Definition They are left black, barren, and broke (business moves with the whites) Term What was the deal with Alger Hiss (when, who, what happened)? Definition In August 1948 Whittaker Chambers told HUAC that Alger Hiss (president of the Carnagie Endowment for International Peace) was a communist spy Term Who was responsible for the Alger Hiss trial going further? Definition Nixon Term By what name did Hiss know Chambers? Definition George Crossly Term Where were Chambers' "secret documents" and what were they known as? Were they important? Definition In a pumpkin in a field near his farm, called the "Pumpkin Papers", not important Term What was Hiss eventually convicted for? Definition Perjury Term What did people begin to believe with Alger Hiss' conviction? Definition That communists had infiltrated the government Term Election of 1948: candidates, parties, who won it, what was its significance? Definition Thomas Dewey (Rep), Truman (Dem), Henry Wallace (3rd party), Strom Thurmond (Dixiecrats) Truman won, it was a major upset because everyone believed Dewey would win Term What paper put out early results saying that Dewey beat Truman? Definition The Chicago Tribune Term What was Dewey's platform in the 1948 election? Definition Basically nothing, meant to not offend anyone, said agriculture is important/our rivers are full of fish/can't have freedom without liberty/the future lies ahead Term Who were the Dixiecrats and what was their official name? Definition A division within the Democratic Party that left due to Truman’s civil rights policies, oficially called the States Rights Democratic Party Term What is the Dixiecrats main platform? Definition Racial segregation