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| Known as "Edward the Confessor"; English King and last of the Anglo-Saxon line; founded Westminster Abbey; became King in 1042 |
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| Spanish hero; took in leper who revealed that he was St. Lazurus and told El Cid that he would be a victorious warrior; fought King Ferdinand; captured the cities Toldedo and Velencia; dies of rage but still victorious in death |
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| Called "Little Poor Man of Assisi"; founded Order of Mendicant Friars (or Franciscans); San Francisco named after him; "Start by doing what's necessary, then do what's possible, and suddenly you are doing the impossible." |
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| Bayeux Tapestry; invaded England (Battle of Hastings); crowned in Westminster Abbey in 1066; established Curfew |
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| Charlemagne at war with Spain for seven years; Roland was his brave nephew; bravely fought the Spanish army; was wounded and called on the King's army and went into battle again; Roland died in Charlemagne's arms; "Dear Roland, my friend, when I return to France, all who love you will ask of you. And I will tell them that you stood and fought bravely to the end, until God sent his angels to carry you to paradise." |
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| Divided the State church of the Roman Empire into Eastern (Greek) and Western (Latin) branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church, respectively. Relations between East and West had long been embittered by political and ecclesiastical differences. Prominent among these were the issues of "filioque", whether leavened or unleavened bread should be used in the Eucharist, the Pope's claim to universal jurisdiction, and the place of Constantinople in relation to the Pentarchy. |
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| "Holy Wisdom"; a former Orthodox patriarchal basilica, later a mosque, and now a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. From the date of its dedication in 360 until 1453, it served as the Greek Patriarchal cathedral of Constantinople, except between 1204 and 1261, when it was converted to a Roman Catholic cathedral under the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople of the Western Crusader established Latin Empire. The building was a mosque from 1453 until 1931, when it was secularized. |
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| Chain across the Golden Horn |
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| A chain streetching across the bosphorus to keep ships out |
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| Depticts Norman conquest of England at the Battle of Hastings; 230 feet long; discovered in 1729 in Bayeux Cathedral; 50 scenes with Latin tituli (captions) |
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