1. a person who is among those who first enter or settle a region, thus opening it for occupation and development by others.

2. to be the first to open or prepare (a way, settlement, etc.).

3. to take part in the beginnings of; initiate.

4. being the earliest or original.

1. of, pertaining to, or comprising a city or town.

2. living in a city.

3. characteristic of or accustomed to cities; citified.

1. the surface of the ground, esp. when covered with grass; turf.

2. a section cut or torn from the surface of grassland, containing the matted roots of grass.

1. an area that differs in some respect, or is distinguished for some purpose, from adjoining areas, or within which distinctive circumstances exist or are established.

2. a specific district, area, etc., within which a uniform charge is made for transportation or other service.

1. given to fanciful notions; capricious,

2. erratic; unpredictable.

1. artistic and intellectual pursuits and products.

2. development or improvement of the mind by education or training.

3. the sum total of ways of living built up by a group of human beings and transmitted from one generation to another.

1. according to or depending on custom; usual; habitual.

2. of or established by custom rather than law.

1. extreme mental agitation; wild or violent excitement.

2. agitated or uncontrollable activity.

3. make frantic.

1. 1. a post, stake, or peg that is driven into the ground for use in a fence, to fasten down a tent, etc.

2. a person stationed, as by a union, outside a factory, store, etc., to dissuade workers or customers from entering it during a strike.

1. pertaining to, characteristic of, occurring in, or inhabiting the tropics.

2. very hot and humid.

3. used in or suitable for the tropics.

1. to stop, slow down, or hinder the growth or development of.

2. a stop or hindrance in growth or development.

3. a performance displaying a person's skill, dexterity, or daring; feat.

1. a member of a people that has no permanent abode but moves from place to place along a traditional circuit in search of pasturage or food.

2. any wanderer; itinerant.

1. to renew the vigor or energy of (oneself or another), as with food, drink, or rest.

2. to stimulate (the memory).

3. to reinvigorate or cheer (the mind or spirits).

1. to ship (commodities) to other countries.

2. of or pertaining to the shipping of goods.

1. to compete or struggle with others for possession or gain.

2. to move hastily and with urgency.

3. to collect or organize (things) in a hurried or disorderly manner.

4. to mix together confusedly

1. to disappear quickly from sight; become invisible.

2. to go away, esp. furtively.

3. to come to an end.

4. to cause to disappear

1. to utter in a soft, indistinct manner.

2. to chew ineffectively, as from loss of teeth.

3. a soft, indistinct utterance or sound.

1. to move, raise, or open by leverage.

2. to obtain, extract, or separate with difficulty

3. to inquire impertinently or unnecessarily into something.

4. to look closely or curiously; peer.