Details Title: 2008 Botanical World Final Description: Wittenberg University - Dr. Charlie Kwit's final exam material for Botanical World Total Flash Cards: 23 Created: 12/16/2008 17:46:57		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Biology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term N2 Definition Nitrogen gas Term NH3 Definition Ammonia Term NH4+ Definition Ammonium Term NO2- Definition Nitrite Term NO3- Definition Nitrate Term Fixation Definition the conversion of nitrogen (N2) from the atmosphere into a form readily available to plants Term Ammonification Definition the conversion of organic nitrogen back to ammonia by bacteria or fungi Term Nitrification Definition the oxidation of ammonia (NH3) by bacteria Term Denitrification Definition reduction of nitrites (NO2-) back into nitrogen gas (N2) Term Assimilation Definition Upon uptake of NH3 or NO3-, plants incorporate the N into various molecules Term Eutrophication Definition excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen. Usable nitrogen makes it to a water body High levels of nitrogen (NO3-, possibly from fertilizer) Algae proliferates Plankton (which include algae) dies Bottom-feeders try to get busy Term In what form is N readily available for plant uptake? Definition NO3- NH3 Term Root Nodules Definition bacteria that convert nitrogen into ammonia Legume family (Fabaceae) Term Nitrogenase Definition enzyme that nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria use to reduce atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3). This is nitrogen fixation. Term In what molecular form can one find nitrogen in plants? Definition Proteins (enzymes [RUBISCO]) DNA/RNA Secondary compounds Other important molecules (i.e. Chlorophyl) Term Hyphal loops Definition Fungus can trap nematodes with “hyphal loops” Term Phosphorus Definition Another element that contributes to eutrophication Another element that is needed by living things Another element that needs to be transformed to e assimilated by living things Term Mycorrhizae Definition Fungi that help plant roots get nutrients, esp phosphorus Plants share their food with them 90% of world’s plants have this 2 types Endomycorrhizae (primary form): fungi grow inside root cells Ectomycorrhizae: fungi grow outside root cells Grow around and into plant roots Term Molybdenum (Mo) Definition Important micronutrient Helps nitrifying bacteria use nitrogenase Term Non-Timber Forest Products Definition All goods derived from forests of both plant and animal origin other than timber and firewood Brazil nuts Only humans and the agouti can open the fruit Brazil nut tree: Bertholletia excelsa Lowland forests of the Amazon basin and elsewhere $33 million annual sales What are the risks regarding the sustainability of the business of nut harvesting? What important parameters would you like to know? And is there a way to find these out? Term Global warming Definition Is it human-induced? CO2 levels rising since industrial age Deforestation cause buildup of CO2 Highest CO2 levels in 400,000 years Timeframe of the real and forecasted changes Term Coal Definition From dead plants (especially seedless vascular) from carboniferous period(~300 mya) Coal is one of the byproducts of coal combustion (so is power) Term Metal hyper-accumulation Definition Uptake of heavy metals from the soil by certain plants Ironically, often done on old mining sites Can be a mining effort (phytomining or phytoextraction), and can make money