Term
| DNA is transcribed into ____ and then into protein. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an organism's entire set of genetic instructions |
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Term
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Definition
| entire set of proteins that can be made from a genome |
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Term
| Where is DNA found in plant cells and animal cells? |
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Definition
in plant cells some DNA is in the chloroplasts
In prokaryotes, DNA is not enclosed in the nucleus... it is in contact with the nucleus of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the space between the inner and outer membrane |
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Term
| What membrane is continuous with the rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum lumen ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are inner and outer membranes fused by? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| – a dynamic structure that form a mesh in the nuclear envelope that keeps the nucleus in tact |
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Term
| Traffic through pores, what goes in and what goes out? |
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Definition
In --> proteins (made in the ribosomes which are on the ER) such as histones and enzymes
Out --> ribosomes and mRNA |
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Term
| What type of energy does traffic through nuclear pores use? |
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Definition
| NOT ATP, either CTP, GTP or ITP |
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Term
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Definition
dark and dense, found at the centromere or around the edge, will show no gene expression
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Term
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Definition
| lighter and less dense, where you will find genes, can get into it to express genes |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA in it's natural state |
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Term
| DNA in prokaryotes versus eukaryotes |
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Definition
| prokaryotes have a single DNA molecule, eukaryotes have a number of DNA moleucules |
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Term
| Why can't we have gene expression during mitosis? |
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Definition
| because DNA is so tightly packed |
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Term
| Describe bacterial chromosomes |
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Definition
| they are double stranded but circular, they are not packed up super tightly but it is supecoiled which gives it a structure called the nucleoid |
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Term
| How many sets of chromosomes do non-reproductive cells have? What about reproductive ones? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| where two chromatids are most closely attached ( there are no genes in this region), aren't necessarily in the middle |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins responsible for the first level of DNA packing into chromatin |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA wrapped around 8 histones, protect DNA around them from enzymes trying to break them down, millions of these but they don't interfere with gene expression, linked together by linker DNA |
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Term
| there are 2 of each histone, what are they called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is chromatin like during interphase? |
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Definition
| the chromatin is loosely packaged to allow for gene expression, and then tightens up just before mitosis |
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