Details Title: 1st Semester Final Description: Study for Final Total Flash Cards: 42 Created: 01/29/2007 16:33:08		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Biology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond? Definition Covalent bond- 2 atoms share one or more pairs of electrons Ionic bond- 2 oppositely charged ions Term What is an ISOTOPE? Definition A form of an element that has a different number of neutrons than the others of that element Term Is a molecule covalent or ionic? Definition Covalent Term What is EXERGONIC? What is ENDERGONIC? Definition Exergonic- release of free energy Endergonic-absorption of free energy Term What is an ENZYME? Definition An enzyme is a catalyst in a living thing Term What is OXIDATION? What is REDUCTION? Definition Oxidation- becomes more positive in charge Reduction- becomes more negative in charge Term What are REDOX reactions? Definition Reactions in which electrons are transferred between atoms. Term What is the hydronium ion? Definition H30+. Formed by [H+ + H20 <=> H30+] Term What is the HYDROXIDE ION? Definition OH- Acids most commonly have this ion (ex. hydrochloride). Also water. Term What is an ACID? What is a BASE? Definition Acid= # of Hydronium>Hydroxide Ions Base= # of Hydroxide>Hydronium Ions Term What is a BUFFER? Definition Buffers neutralize an acid or base added to a solution. Term What is HYDROGEN BONDING? Definition The bond that holds to water molecules together. Term What is COHESION? What is ADHESION? Definition Cohesion is attraction between like particles. Adhesion is attraction between unlike particles. Term What is CAPILLARITY? Definition The reaction of a liquid suface with a solid. (ex. water creeping up a narrow vessel) Term What are FUNCTIONAL GROUPS? Definition Clusters of atoms which influence the properties of the molecules they compose. Term What are MONOMERS? POLYMERS? ISOMERS? Definition Monomers= simpler molecules of carbon compounds Polymers= repeated linked units Isomers= single formula, different forms Term Lipids? Definition Large, nonpolar molecules that don't dissolve in water. Large # of carbon-hydrogen bonds which means MORE ENERGY. Term Triglyceride? Phospholipids? Definition Triglyceride= 3 molecules of fatty acid to 1 molecule of alcohol glycerole Phospholipids= 2 fatty acid to 1 glycerole Term What is HYDROPHILIC? HYDROPHOBIC? Definition Hydrophilic= carboxyl end of fatty acid. "Water Loving". Hydrophobic= hydrocarbon end. "Water Fearing". Term What is ATP? Definition (Adenosine Triphosphate) Energy compound for cells. Term DISACCHARIDE? Definition Two monosaccharides combine in condensation reaction to form this. Term What is CONDENSATION REACTION? HYDROLOSIS? Definition Condensation reaction is molecules combining. Hydrolosis is breaking down of compounds. Term What is CELL THEORY? Definition Cell theory: -All living things have 1 or more cells -Cells are the basic unit in an organism -Cells come from the reproduction of existing cells Term PROKARYOTE vs. EUKARYOTE? Definition Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus. Eukaryotes are orgaisms whose cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus. Term CELL MEMBRANE Definition wall of cell which lets things in and out of cell. SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE Term Mitochondrion? Definition transfers energy from organic compounds to ATP Term Ribosome? Definition synthesis of proteins Term Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition prepares protein for export Term Golgi apparatus? Definition processes cell productions Term Lysosome? Definition Digests Term Vacuole (plants only) Definition stores enzymes Term Plastid (plants only) Definition stores food/pigments Term Diffusion? Definition molecules spreading out Term concentration gradient Definition the difference in concentration of molecules across a space Term equilibrium Definition concentration of substance throughout space is equal. Term Osmosis? Definition water molecules diffuse across cell membrane Term Hypotonic? Definition Concentration inside > Concetration outside Term Hypertonic? Definition Concentration outside>inside Term Isotonic? Definition Concentration Equal both inside and out Term Turgor pressure? Definition The pressure water molecules exert against the cell wall Term Plasmolysis? Definition Cells shrink away from cell walls, and turgor pressure is lost Term Active transport? Definition Moves molecules across cell membrane from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration.