Term
| corticotropin-releasing hormone |
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Definition
| hypothalamus secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) which stimulates the pituitary to release corticotropin, which in turn stimulates the cortex of each adrenal gland to secrete the hormone cortisol. |
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Term
| what is the fluctuation of various physiological and behavioral parameters over a 24-hour cycle |
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Definition
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Term
| what 2 neurotransmitters are thought to be involved in mood |
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Definition
| norepinephrine and serotonin. |
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Term
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Definition
| a jumble of unrelated words |
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Term
| looseness of association) |
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Definition
| unconnected phrases and topics |
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Term
| The brain is composed of approximately how many neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| neurons do what 3 things? |
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Definition
| (1) they respond to stimuli, (2) they conduct electrical impulses, and (3) they release chemicals called neurotransmitters. |
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Term
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Definition
| a chemical substance that functions as a neuromessenger |
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Term
| Neurotransmitters are released from the axon terminal in which part of the neuron? |
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Definition
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Term
| The enzyme that destroys acetylcholine is called |
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Definition
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Term
| neurotransmitters (e.g., norepinephrine) are taken back into the presynaptic cell from which they were originally released by a process called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| the monoamine oxidase (MAO)enzyme destroys which neeurotransmitters? |
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Definition
| monoamine neurotransmitters (e.g., norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin) |
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Term
| Neurotrophic factors are what? |
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Definition
| proteins and even simple gases, such as carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide that are released by postsynaptic cells and influence the growth, shape, and activity of presynaptic cells. |
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Term
| The central core of the brainstem does what? |
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Definition
| regulates the internal organs and is responsible for such vital functions as the regulation of blood gases and the maintenance of blood pressure. |
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Term
| The hypothalamus does what? |
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Definition
| plays a vital role in such basic drives as hunger, thirst, and sex. It also serves as a crucial psychosomatic link between higher brain activities, such as thought and emotion, and the functioning of the internal organs |
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Term
| reticular activating system (sleep/wake cycles) are controlled by which part of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| it is thought that the release of dopamine from which pathway plays a role in psychological reward and drug addiction. |
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Definition
| the ventral tegmental pathway |
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Term
| the cerebellum is primarily involved in what? |
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Definition
| the regulation of skeletal muscle coordination and contraction and the maintenance of equilibrium. It plays a crucial role in coordinating contractions so that movement is accomplished in a smooth and directed manner. |
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Term
| which neuroimaging technique identifies gross anatomical changes in the brain? |
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Definition
| structural imaging techniques (e.g., computed tomography [CT] and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) |
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Term
| which neuroimaging technique identifies physicological activity in the brain? |
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Definition
| Functional imaging techniques (e.g., positron emission tomography [PET] |
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