he was the first to leave written record of the question: how are organisms distributed around the world?

he also had the view of dynamic + changing earth

he devoloped species classification (binomial nomiclature, hierarchal, binomial)

Paridesial Mountain theory

* in accordance with biblical events

* immutable species; later abandoned idea for hybridization

first ideas on dynamic earth and changing species

___'s law: areas w/ similar environment but far apart have different biotas

origins idea: started @ poles w/ equable climate, moved south as climate changed -> during the migration species changed and adapted to the environment (hybridization)

first systimatic classification of biotic regions on earth

saw different latitude in climates --> and as lat changes/climate changes and so do species

tested Buffon's law

insights to island biogeography (less species) --> lat species gradient

documented climatic associates of plant communities

expanded latitudinal biodiversity gradients into elevational gradients

father of phytogeography

discovered isotherms (areas of = temp)

species competition for resources as a key factor for species persistence

made additional observations related to island biogeo (isolation, climate, geographic history)

niches (first idea relating to niches anyway)

earth climate veried significantly in past (studied fossil record)

Principles of Geography --> idea of uniformitarianism

believed in immutable species (multiple creations/extinctions and sites of creation) --> Humboldt kind of thought so too

what didn't he contribute? (just kidding)

theory of evolution by natural selection; Origin of Species (1859)

long-distance dispersal supporter

developed theory of evolution at same time and independently from Darwin but Darwin published first

developed numerous biogeographic principles (17, in textbook)

father of zoogeography

took theories from other people and tested them

_____'s line: between Bali and Lombok, Austrailian and S.E. Asian species split, couldn't have been a land bridge

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection

multiple biogeographic patters documented and interpreted (e.g. ecogeograpic rules)

better support and delineation of biogeographic regions

continental drift (first introduced by Antonio Snider-Pelligrini in 1858)

not widely accepted until the 1960s (didn't have a mechanism)

biological species concept --> group of individual that can reproduce amongs themselves and not with other groups

insight into mechanisms of allopatric speciation --> a barrier is created, species split and evolve into other species

described origin, dispersal, radiation, decline of land vertebrates

studied intercontinental vertebrate migration

multidimensional niche concept --> take every aspect of a niche together

father of limnology (study of lakes) --> worked with phytoplankton

equilibrium theory of island biogeography

strong emphasis on hypothesis testing

niche partitioning --> natural selection drifing species into diff areas

island biogeography

global biodiversity + coservation

sociobiology --> conserve as many species as possible, evolution is the story we want to tell

sig. advances in evolutionary biology driven by biogeography and paleontology

dev. of basic ecological concepts

studies focusiong on single taxa instead of whole communities

ecological biogeography

continental drift accepted

ecological biogeography well established

equilibrium theory of biogeo

phylogenetic methods

multiple tech advances

you!