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| Germany takes Alsace-Lorraine from France for German Unification |
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| Region from France, spoils from Franco-Prussian War acquired by Germany |
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"In not circumstance will we be a party to an attack on Russia."
1st chancellor of the German empire from 1870-1888, wanted German unification and not war. |
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| 1879, Germany and Austria-Hungary state that if either is attacked by Russia, they will defend one another |
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| 1887, Germany and Russia state that each will remain neutral in case of attack |
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| 1894, Russia would attack Germany if Germany attacked France |
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| Germany would make 19 battleships following each law, led to military buildup |
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| big British battleship, makes all previous battleships obselete |
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| 1906, Wilhelm challenges French rule of Morocco |
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| German ship "panther" goes to Morocco, Britain doesn't approve and backs France |
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| 1904, France and Britain's non-military agreement settling colonial disputes in Africa. France gets Morocco and Britain gets Egypt, which they want for its access to the Suez Canal. |
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| Serbian nationalist group wanting "greater Serbian unity" |
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| Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
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| Archduke of Austria-Hungary is assassinated by Serbian Black Hand nationalists. This was one cause of World War I. |
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| 1912-1913, between emerging nationalist groups to fill out their national boundaries |
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| Was given to Austria-Hungary by German Kaiser Wilhelm in 1914 in order to instigate war with Serbia |
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| Given by Austria-Hungary to Serbia for immediate dismissal of certain political officials and military officers within 48 hours or else war with Serbia |
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| U.S. Secretary of Navy, said the problem with Imperialism is not that war is inevitable, but that it invites disagreement. Agrees mostly with Hobsbawn. |
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| Kaiser Wilhelm II and his quote |
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| Chancellor of Germany, interested in expansionism and instigator 1890. "You'll be home before the leaves fall from the trees." |
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| Count Leopard von Berchtold |
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| Ambassador from Austria-Hungary,issued the Ultimatum. Looked down upon by Sydney Fay. |
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| Historian who said "Berchtold was as hopeless and incompetent a man as was ever in a position of responsibility in a time of great danger." |
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| Said "Battle lines are everywhere" and the "distinction between soldier and civilian broke down." 10 million soldiers died and 10 million civilians died. |
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1 Accepted by Weimer Government (1919-1933)
2 War guilt clause- German naval buildup, Weltpolitik, German threats in the Pacific, Moroccan Crises, Blank Check
3 Reparations $33 Billion. British Economist Keynes said impossible amount of debt.
4 Lost Colonies
5 Virtually all military banned, only 100,000 allowed
6 Rhineland - Demilitarized Zone
7 Coal in Saar Region, French gets to keep for 15 years
8 Alsace-Lorraine, returned to France
9 Brest-Litovsk, New nations Poland, Baltics, and Finland
10 East Prussia - Polish Corridor |
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"Harsh terms" made Hitler attractive (1923)
He was arrested for Putsch, sparked rebellion.
Wrote a book while in prison.
Upgraded to chancellor of Germany. |
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| 1923, France and Belgium invaded Ruhr, belonging to Germany. France occupied Ruhr area and forced Germany to pay reparations – League thought France was out of line in dealing with Germanys reparation payment |
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| Won Nobel Peace Prize, backed policy of fulfillment, German chancellor after fall of weimer gov |
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| German policy to follow through on the terms of the treaty of Versailles |
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US plan for Germany
1 French agreed to withdraw from Ruhr in 1925
2 German reparation payments reduced
3 Germany allowed to borrow money
4 US made a commitment to loan $20 million |
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1925 - Agreements of Locarno
1 Germany signed treaty with France and Belgium accepting treaty of Versailles border. GB was to provide military assistance to France.
2 France signed treaty with Poland and Czechoslovakia. France was to give military support if either of them were attacked by Germany.
3 Germany signed arbitration treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia. German doesn't agree to accept
borders and GB didn't guarantee borders.
4 France supported German admission to League
5 France agreed to remove troops from the Rhineland in 1930 |
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People were happy to go to war in Europe because of the opportunity to fight for their
country. |
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| 1928 Was is no longer a tool for national security |
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| Causes of the Great Depression |
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1 Uneven distribution of Income
2 Overproduction
3 Stock market crash 1929
4 Weak farm economy
5 government policies, no regulations
6 Reconstruction Finance Corportation 1932
7 world trade and finance
8 Hawley-Smoot Tariff
9 Veto of Muscle-Shoals bill
10 Dawes Plan |
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Hoover vetoed to build a dam on the Tennessee River and produce cheap
electricity. He said “selling electricity in competition of private businesses would be socialist.” |
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| 1930, 2nd highest tariff in the US, dried up foreign trade. |
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| 1929-1933: His philosophy was you don’t help the individuals, they need their own independence.Bonus Army. |
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New Deal.(1933-1945 almost the same time as Hitler was reigning) when Roosevelt took over; the Great Depression
had been over for 3 years. He said “the country needs and demands bold persistent experimentation; it’s common sense to take a method and try it. If it fails, try another. But above all, try something.” That’s how he was going to get people back into work. |
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3 main goals
Relief: to provide immediate needs.
Reform: try to fix the system so it didn’t happen again.
Recovery: to help get the economy back on track. |
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| CCC 1933 – Civilian Conservation Core. |
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Definition
The most popular of all reforms. It provided employment
in government camps for 3 million men. Reforestation, building campsites, roads, national
forests, fighting forest fires. The government provided them with a place to live and food, and
their pay was sent to their families. |
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| WPA 1935 – Works Progress Administration. |
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Definition
Mostly unskilled labor, small projects, over 8 years
that it was in effect, employed 9 million people.
Recovery: to help get the economy back on track. |
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| TNA 1933 – Tennessee Valley Authority. |
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To build dams on the Tennessee River. This covered 2.5 million of the poorest people in America. It provided
immediate jobs for people in the area. |
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| formed the Federal Deposit Insurance cooperation – so if you bank goes bankrupt the bank would insurance. |
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| Began payments in 1942, Between $10 and $85 a month to protect you from starvation. |
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