Details Title: 16: Introduction to Arthropods Description: Vocab for Chapter 16 Total Flash Cards: 72 Created: 11/12/2008 08:39:12		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Biology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term serial homologs Definition within a single individual, structures arising from the equivalent embryonic primordia of different segments and sharing a similar pattern of morphogenesis; antennae and legs of a grasshopper Term homonomy Definition all segments and their appendages are similar or identical in structure, function, and position Term heteronomous Definition segments and appendages specialized for mnay different functions - result of natural selection Term acron Definition anterior end of the arthropod; preoral; does not arise from teloblasts Term telson Definition posterior end of the arthropod; postanal; does not arise from teloblasts Term tagmosis Definition the tendency to organize segments into regions having similar structure, function, and appendages Term tagma Definition a group of similar segments Term cephalization Definition the development of an anterior tagma ( head, cephlon, or cephlothorax) responsible for sensory reception, neural integration, and feeding Term articles Definition cylinder of hardened exoskeleton that joins, or articulates, with the body or another article Term ramus Definition appendage branch: one branch = uniramous (arachnids), 2 branches = biramous (crustaceans - endopod, exopod) Term sclerites Definition separate plate of hardened cuticle; connected by soft, flexible cuticle know as articular membranes - articulation shape determines movement; typically segments are composed of 4 sclerites: 1 dorsal tergite, 2 lateral pleurites, 1 ventral sternite Term monocondylic Definition joint type with only one point of articulation between two articles; ball-and-socket Term dicondylic Definition joint type with two points of articulation, restricting movement to a single plane Term apodeme Definition inner projection continuous with the exoskeleton (Fig. 16-1E) Term flexors & extensors Definition flexor - decreases the angle between two sclerites extensor - increases the angle between two sclerites Term epicuticle Definition thin, complex, water-resistant or water-proof layer of protein, lipoprotin, and sometimes wax, but no chitin Term procuticle Definition layer composed of protein and chitin bound together to form glycoprotein; much thicker than the epicuticle Term setae Definition articulated chitinous projection of exoskeleton; secreted by trichogen cells; tormogen cells create the flexible sockets for the setae Term ecdysis Definition molting Stages of ecdysis: intermolt: tissue growth occurs proecdysis: old cuticle detaches from the animal, but still covers it, new cuticle partially formed ecdysis: removal of the old cuticle postecdysis: new cuticle continues to form Term hemocoel Definition a space in the connective-tissue compartment derived from the embryonic blastocoel with contributions from the mesoderm; filled with blood Term ostia Definition one-way valves allowing blood to enter the heart from the pericardial sinus Term hemocyanin Definition copper-based; most common respiratory pigment in arthropods Term hemoglobin Definition iron-based; present in a few crustaceans and insects Term diastole Definition the expansion and filling phase of the heart cycle; contraction of alary muscles or suspensory ligament dialate, resulting in negative pressure in the lumen, ostia open and blood flows from the pericardial sinus into the heart Term systole Definition the contraction and emptying phase of the heart cycle; contraction of the circular muscles of the heart wall pressurizes the blood, forcing it out of the heart lumen through arteries to the hemocoel; this also causes the ostia to close and the alary muscles and suspensory ligaments to stretch (storing energy to accomplish diastole) Term saccate nephridia Definition Term Malpighian tubules Definition Term protocerebrum Definition Term deutocerebrum Definition Term tritocrebrum Definition Term mechanoreceptors Definition Term chemoreceptors Definition Term equilibrium receptors Definition Term chordotonal organs Definition Term campaniform organs Definition Term hygrorectors Definition Term photoreceptors Definition Term pigment-cup ocelli Definition Term compound eyes Definition Term cornea Definition Term corneagenous cells Definition Term crystalline cone Definition Term crystalline cone stalk Definition Term distal pigment cells Definition Term retinular cells Definition Term rhodopsin Definition Term rhabdome Definition Term proximal screening pigment Definition Term optic nerve Definition Term mosaic image Definition Term apposition eyes Definition Term superposition eyes Definition Term gonochoric Definition Term spermataphores Definition Term centrolecithal Definition Term supericial cleveage Definition Term stereoblastula Definition Term blastodisc Definition Term chromataphore Definition pigment containing cell Term Definition A: Setae B: Socket C: Epicuticle D: Exocutical E: Endocuticle F: Epidermis G: Tormogen Cell H: Trichogen Cell I: Cuticle J: Procuticle Term exocuticle Definition Term endocuticle Definition Term tegumentary glands Definition Term ecdysial lines Definition Term ecdysone Definition Term graded response Definition Term excitatory neurons Definition Term inhibitory neurons Definition Term phasic muscle cells Definition Term tonic muscle cells Definition Term phasic neurons Definition Term tonic neurons Definition