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Definition
| throughout time and within advances and changes in culture the views changed... There are five |
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Definition
– unchanging
– learning about patterns of behavior
– heroes, models, figures in history
– time is static, cyclical views
– learn from your mistakes |
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Term
| Christian millennial view |
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Definition
– God's divine plan
– prophetic view (revelations, etc.)
– believed by Puritans
-beginning in and end |
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Definition
-1800s – 1900s
– never-ending progress
-comes from the industrial revolution in the 1700s
-believing things will continue to prosper
-evolution is a historical progressive view
* based on technology |
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Definition
–constant struggle for progress
-contradicts progressive
– there'll always be a struggle |
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Definition
– Kaleidoscope
– discontinuity
-willing to dissolve history
– no meaning to it |
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Term
| American studies as a field |
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Definition
– relatively young
– long-standing democratic nations
– American studies field emerged in 1930 to 1955 and caused by two things:
1)the depression
2) World War II |
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Term
| what happened during the depression in regards to American studies? |
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Definition
people began to study the past. Each state produced a state guide which gave in that state's history
murals, artists
scholars publish books
the founding fathers had been edited in mass-produced
celebrating the past
* this was a time of literary and historical revolution in America |
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Term
| what happened after World War II regarding American studies? |
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Definition
clash of civilizations
America wanted to identify themselves
scholars wanted to define the American people
exceptionalism
identify, characterize, movement, and promotion |
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Term
| definitions of culture (3) |
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Definition
sum total of the society-behavior typical of the group/class
taste – elevated (educated knowing the arts)
stages of advancement- savagentry>barbarism> Civilization |
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Term
| culture can be defined as... |
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Definition
| Behaviors typical of the group this is seen in the Puritan's |
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Term
| how can you find the history of a society? |
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Definition
| government documents, parish records, diaries, material culture, sights/archaeology, newspapers, tools |
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Term
| what are some things to keep in mind when studying history? |
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Definition
a sense of objectivity-taking a step back and pulling yourself from the situation to observe from the outside
a sense of empathy-don't try to understand them |
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Term
| what are the typical themes in early American history |
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Definition
– frontier experience
– individual versus community
– egalitarianism versus elitism
– free labor versus slave labor
– region versus nation
– agriculture versus industry
– Anglo-Saxons versus pluralism |
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Term
| why do we begin with the Puritans established Massachusetts Bay colony in 1630? |
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Definition
because they represented what every early American was about. They left/fled from the church of New England to escape the evil world
on a mission
like the Israelites, felt like they were God's chosen people |
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Term
Puritan roots
why did they come to America |
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Definition
– Pope was had of Christianity and the Roman Catholic Church was supreme and money driven
– Henry VIII splits the Church of England (Anglican church) from the Roman Catholic Church and 1534
( he did this for his own vendetta because the current Pope refused to grant a divorce (he wanted a male heir)
monasteries close. Although england was still much like the Roman Catholic church elitism etc.
perished gentry received lands during inflation their money lost value in they began to resent English leaders they saw them as corrupt it was at this time they began to congregate to purify the religion
this upheaval caused corruption which led them to flee |
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Term
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Definition
. Puritan leader (Gov.)
received a charter from England to start the Massachusetts Bay colony in the New World
delivered the Arbella sermonon on the ship |
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Term
winthrop's Arbella sermon 1630
Example of american exceptionalism |
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Definition
"city upon a hill"
"we shall be knit together as one man"
"all eyes are upon us"
the Puritans of the Anglican church would follow suit and lead Christians all over the world
Puritans believed they had a special covenant with God |
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Term
| the two covenants of Puritans |
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Definition
one nation and people as a whole-a group knit together
covenant of grace-individual. Bargain/contract thought offers their arts. Church Bible examination behavior to become a member of the church |
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Term
| the Puritans were Calvinists. What does a Calvinist believe? |
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Definition
all are sinners
predestined future
"chosen" saved
elected by God |
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Term
| who are the chosen ones and how did they know? |
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Definition
–elect- Prosperity, good health, comforted, favored
not elect – cow died,Child died, misfortune |
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Term
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Definition
the visible church-proven people, you let people, chosen people. Worked for salvation among the "doomed". Tension, anxiety, paranoia, and self-examination
invisible – saved from day one |
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Term
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Definition
the visible church-proven people, you let people, chosen people. Worked for salvation among the "doomed". Tension, anxiety, paranoia, and self-examination
invisible – saved from day one
-members were allowed to vote, run the city, etc. |
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Term
| problems with coming to America |
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Definition
– coming over to courage and bravery. They uprooted their lives, and completely started over.
1.) there were social tensions – for example their children (raised in a new world) did not have the same outlook in later generations
-theological tensions – from fear of not being saved. Constant struggle, gaining, convincing, individual struggle to rise above versus organicism (knit community) |
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Term
| Calvinism versus Arminianism |
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Definition
Calvinist believed that all were centers and had a predestined salvation
Arminist- believe that good works and deeds led to salvation |
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Term
| what cause the demise of organicism |
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Definition
individual rise
* once the Puritans arrived in America, there is a vast amount of social mobility within the community
-anything above "equal" was considered wrong and even a heresy |
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Term
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Definition
-Roger Williams – founded Rhode Island after leaving MBC.
he believed in strict examination of the church
did not want to corrupt "real Saints"by tainting them with the "visible church" |
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Term
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Definition
female Puritan preacher that was seen as a threat to social order.
claim she could tell who was saved and who wasn't.
Left MBC for Rhode Island |
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Term
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Definition
author of "errand to wilderness"
emphasizing conscious human action over environmental determinism
opposing the famous frontier thesis on Frederick Jackson Turner who wanted to stop the West expansion. American character defined by wilderness settlement
claims are two meanings to the word errand.
Puritan parallels to the Old Testament Israelites as God's chosen people |
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Term
| declension in decline in MBC |
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Definition
God >Cod
this idea could show that you are religious by being successful in everyday life
although the Puritans started out running God errand, they ended up running their own |
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Term
| Puritans how did they pass and how they fail? |
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Definition
worldly success> Pass
errand of God> Fail |
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Term
| the timeline of God's displeasure among Puritans |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| there was a meeting held known as the halfway covenant – children can be baptized, and the members of the church however they were not technically saved |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
re-formation meeting-ministers noted a significant decay in society. Individuals began rising as opposed to being knit together. gossip, Sabbath breaking, problems, parenting ,emphasis on wealth and jealousy.
they fear the rise of Arminius |
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Definition
| the charter obtained by John when prop became void. |
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Definition
| the first of five wars with the French |
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Definition
| Salem witch trials. 19 dead |
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Term
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Definition
technique used by ministers to pull. Turns back together
for example: "God has sent an affliction ______(plauge). Why is he doing this? Because_______(list of sins) |
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Term
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Definition
(R,I,C)
Richard-1596 to 1669
came in 1635. Saw Massachusetts as a refuge believed in "rational charity" ( it's better exclude hundred real Saints went to let one false one in". Strong.
Increase mathers-(1639 to 1723)
pastor leading church. Founded Harvard. Negotiated the charter with England. Often doubted himself. Founded the Jeremiad sermon. Stopped the Salem witch trials
cotton Mather-( 1663 to 1728)
wants to reform society. Make it better. Busy and active. Wrote "Bonifacuis" |
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Definition
| shalom-peace... Ironically |
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Term
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Definition
two authors
transparent provided true evidence there sources
two approaches
revisionary
written by Boyer, nissenbaum |
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Term
| the puritans and the Quakers |
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Definition
Puritans were seen as upper parish gentry, very educated, compromising, heeded to the minister. Saw God as mean.
Quakersordinary laborers/were not educated. Passive this, refused for. Did not compromise, yet highly more tolerant than Puritans. Studied mainly the New Testament |
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Definition
| depicted in a Quaker paintings. Should peace among animals humans and Indians |
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Definition
| founder of Pennsylvania ( after Puritans) |
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Definition
founded by George Fox
they instantly found God's grace
shaking while worshiping
taught that revelation was continuing, and it never stopped. Fox believe that God still spoke to all humans
"the inner light"
no one is condemned to hell
no ministers or sacraments
believed in equality
women were allowed |
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Definition
Fox had been thrown in jail
many Quakers were persecuted for their religion. They were often sent to prison where they sometimes died |
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Term
| typical data Quaker church... |
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Definition
they were for to as meetings once per week
no minister. You sat in the quiet. "Until the light moves you."
for voting purposes everyone had to agree so if he disagreed you had to be convinced otherwise |
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Term
| Quakers that were persecuted |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
in the late 1650s
supporter of George Fox
-was a theological author
-he was persecuted and thrown in jail several times preaching Quaker religion |
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Definition
| 1658 two Quaker women headed to the puritan church in Boston Massachusetts and preached outside.they were wipped and sent home |
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Definition
1657.
Went to Salem to preach he was sent away and when he went back his ear was cut off |
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Definition
| left Newport in went to Boston. Banished almost tong in central way after that she returned again and then she was hung |
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Definition
1682
led this holy experiment
sent son to Oxford
had been a Puritan and changed his religion to being a Quaker
had lots of money
Keynote William 16,000 pounds William bribed him to give him the land of Pennsylvania
gets colony in 1682 |
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Definition
| bought out ( Massachusetts, Virginia) |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
this was a win-win situation for the Quakers and for England
William Penn took away all of his followers and they got to practice their religion freely
England got rid of the nuisance |
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Definition
did not believe in oaths
and they were passive |
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Definition
the Quakers saw doses ascended because it took the Lord's name in vain. Promise don't swear
1725-English Parliament allowed the Lakers to "promise" most with Drew |
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Definition
1689
war between Britain and France – no action
Queen anne war-no action
* due to both send pacifism it was nearly impossible for Quakers to be involved in any type of government however they played an active role in their communities |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| differences between Virginia (1607) and Massachusetts (1630) |
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Definition
there are six significant differences between Virginia and Massachusetts geographical
climatic
purpose
significance of religion
economics
lifestyle |
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Definition
Virginia – plantations, swampy, no roads isolated, no towns
Massachusetts
settlement by towns that were all closely knitted together |
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Definition
Virginia
hot and humid, slow labor
Massachusetts? |
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Term
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Definition
Virginia
money money money... Investors bounded this piece of land to make money
Massachusetts
wanted to spread Christianity |
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Term
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Definition
Virginia
thought of themselves as Christians (church of england-Angleton) more social and spiritual because of the distance.
Massachusetts
very very important |
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Definition
Virginia – based their profits off cash crops
Massachusetts
self-sufficient, farmers |
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Definition
Virginia-single, rowdy, young, mobile, "wild bachelors" hospitable, many servants moved west
based around salvation, community, and church |
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Definition
| treating society as a whole body |
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Term
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Definition
| founding of the Jamestown colony – everyone almost starved to death because no one wanted to work. They thought they'd get gold.they were deemed lazy by England |
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Definition
| Williamsburg the only town in Virginia was the center of the meetinghouse of Burgess |
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Definition
1676
About a thousand Virginians rose because they resented Virginia Governor William Berkeley's friendly policies towards the Native Americans. When Berkeley refused to retaliate for a series of Indian attacks on frontier settlements, others took matters into their own hands, attacking Indians, chasing Berkeley from Jamestown, Virginia, and torching the capitol.
* afterwards numbers of slaves increased and new settlers begin traveling west |
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Term
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Definition
| slaves were brought to America |
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Term
| solution to Virginia's problem |
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Definition
more towns( imitating the towns in England)
variety of crop
establishing connections with neighbors for trade
slavery is a form of labor
symbol social control
rising of Virginia elite's
education |
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Definition
no laws, no towns, no courts
lack of government |
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Definition
wrote of gangs and outlaws
he was a preacher/minister |
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Definition
of "Westover, Virginia" (plantation) William Byrd the first headset all just sends to England to be educated.
-Was brought up English from the age of 2 to 31
-he was forced back to America because his father had left him land
saw himself as cultured and imported many aristocratic goods
Dakota diary to prove he was cultured, civilized, and not lazy |
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Term
| why the whites look down on the blacks |
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Definition
symbols of colors-
clean> White
purity> White
dirty> Black
hell> Black
chain of being
God> Angels> Humans> Animals
blacks and apes-they were both found in Africa (monkeys)hence why they come off as animals in further were treated like that
whites fear animals therefore they control them
*by controlling them they control the fear of being seen as lazy |
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Term
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Definition
1700 (intellectual movement)
1) discrepancies between old world versus new world
2)founding of liberal Boston
3) major development of English enlightenment (new world was inspired by it) |
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Term
| why the Enlightenment happened.. |
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Definition
Mainly due to declension
the merchants got a lot of ship for their success and a group of merchants broke away and started their new church which was called the Brattle Street church (1698) |
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Term
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Definition
visibly Christian and had a smoother flow of things
Coleman was the minister he was liberal minded in ordained as an Angleton minister in England
*the founding of this church created a division in Massachusetts |
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Term
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Definition
Newton discovers the laws of motion, mathematics of which "God created"
so that the term "clockmaker God"
God created cosmos> Newton discovered cosmos> This entails that humans are capable of understanding what God created, hence his involvement is unnecessary.
Newton believed he made it and walked away |
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Term
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Definition
invented the o'rerry ( mechanical model of cosmos. The model of the universe)
Jefferson stated," in making this device Rittenhouse came closer to God than any other human being.
nature becomes an expression of God ( deist) |
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Term
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Definition
believed in human understanding
-if you help one you help the society
-Blank slate> Faith and education and environment |
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Term
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Definition
| both Locke and Newton fell into the Brattle Street church because of their radical view of the world |
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Term
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Definition
1730s and 40s
first one, revival, spiritual, political,
due to the impact of English Enlightenment in the new world
Conservatives against liberals – people needed to renew/revise the church
it promoted individualism
started in North Canton Massachusetts and spread to the 13 colonies minister John Edwards became very popular |
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Term
| the beginning of the great awakening |
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Definition
outbreak of hysteria due to feelings of isolation and insignificance
-seen by Edwards as an influx
-rededicated them back to the community to convert them
this cause reforms and quarreling ended |
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Term
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Definition
as a young boy went from saved to unsaved multiple times
extreme feelings of uncertainty
needed for a direct connection with God
believed in hell
he had made seeking salvation as sole purpose in his life
connected God in nature
would scare people with his emotional and radical sermons about hell |
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Term
| how did this revival spread |
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Definition
Whitfield had arrived to get money for orphanage he was a very popular preacher evangelists,loud, and a great speaker
ministers began fearing new lights.
And people left their churches to join other churches... |
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Term
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Definition
| founder the Methodists religious site strict Calvinists. Planet ideals of unsaved ministers "danger of unconverted Ministry a.k.a. "old lights" this pose a threat to the ministers and they then begin to fear him his crowds were as enormous as 30,000 people |
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Term
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Definition
| traveling preacher could point out the sage and non-saved |
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Term
| for the first time in American history there were denominations |
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Definition
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Term
| the repercussions of the revival |
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Definition
people were mad they still had to pay church tax
the average American got to experience "running things" and "questioning authority" through the separation of the old and the reformation of the new
this promoted a great sense of individualism
they been given the power to allow an opening themselves up for God's salvation
-this produced any patriots |
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