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| eukaryotic cells that lack chlorophyll |
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-morphologically similar to fungi, but prokaryotic -encompasses 8 different bacteria families -gram positive, filamentous, and branching Two that cause human disease: -Actinomyces Israelii -Nocardia |
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Actinomycetes NOT part of normal flora -gram positive (weakly) and acid fast -found in soil Grows in lungs after inhalation Can infect regions such as pleura or brain Treatment: Sulfa drugs |
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-normal flora in mouth and GIT -trauma to mucous membrane allows it to get in. -causes a granulomatous infection -bone destruction is common. Treatment: Surgical drainage and/or Penicillin |
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| Treatment for Nocardia and Actinomyces |
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Definition
SNAP Sulfa for Nocardia Actinomyces give Penicillin |
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unicellular growth form of fungus reproduce by budding pseudohyphae - long chains of unseparated buds |
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aka. mycelia multicellular clumps of hypahe produce spores |
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| Fungi that can grow in either yeast or mold forms depending on the environmental conditions |
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| -fungi that live in and utlize organize matter as their energy source. |
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| Fungal infections based on location |
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Mucocutaneous - rarely fatal Deep organ - often fatal
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| Fungal infections based on Epidemiology |
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Endemic mycosis - infections that are not acquired from noraml human flora. -infections usually acquired via inhalation Opportunistic mycosis - infections by commensal when immunological response of host is comprimised.
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Bilayered inner most layer around fungal cytoplasm |
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Made of chitin (Carb) surround the outside of the cell membrane |
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polysaccharide coating on the outside of cell wall -use India ink stain to visualize |
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superificial fungal infection -caused by Malassezia furfur -hypopigmented patches surrounded by tanned areas |
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-superficial fungal infection -caused by Exophiala werneckii -Dark brown patches on hands and feet |
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| Treatment of superficial fungal infections |
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Definition
-shampoo w/ selenium sulfide -Imidazole topical application. |
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fungal infection in skin, hair and nails Keratinase - secreted by fungi, causes nails to crumble common dermatophytes: microsporium.... |
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| Cutaneous fungal infection |
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Definition
Candida albicans - can cause oral thrush, diaper rash and vaginitis Can also get opportunistic infections in AIDS patients like oesophagitis. |
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| Systemic Fungal infections |
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caused by three dimorphic fungi Cause Pneumonias Aspergillus Flavus: -causes Aspergillosis ie. pneumonia in an immune comprised patient use antifungals like Amphotericin B |
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