Term
| Inflammation location in CV system |
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Definition
| Inflammation occurs in the venous side after exchange in capillaries has occurred. Venous side contains leaky fenestrations that allows fluid to seep through . |
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Term
| Functions of capillary cells not related to exchange |
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Definition
1. Have receptors that bind to bacterial antigens and secrete immune factors.
2. Endothelial cells secrete No for dilation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Endothelial cell, basal lamina, and occasional pericyte. |
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Term
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Definition
| Create leakiness inside of vessels. Can have a diaphragm, heparin sulfate GAG gate to let in molecules of a particular size. |
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Term
| Factor determining capillary density |
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Definition
Determined by the metabolic needs of the tissue the capillary bed is supplying.
High metabolic tissues such as the brain and heart will have dense capillary beds. Organs with the most dense capillary beds are the ones that heal the slowest, paradoxical. |
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Term
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Definition
Results in bloated stomach (ascites).
Not enough proteins are retained within the capillary vessel, which decreases the osmotic force driving fluid back into the capillary. This fluid then pools in the interstitial space and ends up in the stomach. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Continuous capillaries
2. Fenestrated capillaries with diaphragms
3. Fenestrated capillaries without diaphragms
4. Discontinuous sinusoidal capillaries |
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Term
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Definition
| No fenestrations, found in muscle, connective tissue, exocrine glands,etc. Use active transport and vesicles for exchange. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large fenestrae in walls with continuous basal lamina and diaphragms narrower than cell membrane. Used for rapid exchange, found in kidneys, intestines, endocrine glands. |
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Term
| Fenestrated capillaries without diaphragms |
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Definition
| Found in renal glomerulus. Has continuous basal lamina, only thing separating blood from tissue fluid. |
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Term
| Discontinuous sinusoidal capillaries |
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Definition
| Large diameter, tortuous vessels. Discontinuous endothelial layer and basal lamina and macrophages outside vessel wall. Found in major exchange sites such as liver, spleen, and bone marrow. |
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Term
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Definition
| Resemble capillaries with more pericytes and fluid. Osmotic pressure in vessels play key role in interstitial fluid exchange. Sensitive to inflammation (heparin, histamine, serotonin) and temperature. Location where IgE components are located. Induces leakage in vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Post-capillary venules
2. Collecting venules
3. Muscular venules |
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Term
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Definition
25-50 microns
Continuous pericyte layer
Have some collagen fibers and adventitia formation |
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Term
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Definition
| 50-100 microns. 1-2 layers of smooth muscle replaces pericytes. Also has tunica adventitia. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Small veins (continuous with muscular venules)
2. Medium veins (have well defined adventitia)
3. Large veins |
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Term
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Definition
| Large lumen, thinner walls. Layers hard to differentiate. One way semilunar valves keeps blood flowing in one direction. |
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Term
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Definition
Sub endothelial space has more fibers.
Tunica media has more smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers arranged in a helical pattern to move blood back to heart. Adventitia is well developed with some smooth muscle cells.
Vaso Vasorum more important here since blood is deoxygenated. |
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Term
| Arteriovenous Anastomoses |
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Definition
| Shunts blood from arteriole to venule without going through capillaries. Used in temperature regulation. When overheated, shunt is closed and capillary bed is full of blood. When cold, shunt is open to avoid loosing more heat in capillaries. |
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Term
| Pulmonary Circulatory System |
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Definition
| Low pressure system. Elastic fibers in veins are more irregular and longitudinal, aids in stretch and rebound/breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Connect two capillary beds together using venule like vessels. Hepatic system and pituitary systems both have portal vessels. |
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Term
| Lymphatic Circulatory System |
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Definition
| Vessels are like capillaries with semilunar one-way valves. Drains into thoracic and left lymphatic ducts at junction of subclavian and jugular veins. |
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Term
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Definition
1. High Bp
2. Ischemia
3. Injury
4. Inflammation
5. Hormones
6. Drugs
7. Excess LDL
All of these damage endothelial cells and expose sub endothelial layer, which is thrombolytic. |
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Term
| Steps to plaque formation |
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Definition
1. Endothelial wall damaged.
2. Infiltrated by LDL
3 Macrophages in tunica intima take up cholesterol and proliferate. Fibroblast growth also increases
3. Macrophages secrete cytokines and to recruit other immune cells, smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts proliferate.
4. Growth of different cells and fibers, along with platelets adhering to sub endothelial space, creates a plaque that decreases the lumen diameter. In addition, the plaque can break off and occlude narrower vessels. |
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