Term
| What are the three modes of action for ultrasonics? |
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Definition
mechanical action
cavitation
acoustic microstreaming |
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Term
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Definition
| formation and collapse of bubbles in water by high frequency sound waves |
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Term
| What is acoustic microstreaming |
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Definition
| agitation of fluids surrounding a rapidly vibrating ultrasonic tip |
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Term
| What is the energy range (Hz) for ultrasonic instruments? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 4 components to an ultrasonic unit? |
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Definition
electric generator
handpiece
insert
foot pedal |
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Term
| What is the term for the portion of the ultrasonic unit that converts electrical to mechanical energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for the number of times per second the tip of an ultrasonic moves back and forth in a cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another term for ultrasonic power level |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for the energy level in the ultrasonic handpiece which changes the distance the tip moves? |
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Definition
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Term
| THe distance the working end of an ultrasonic tip travels in a single vibration is known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are 6 benefits of the ultrasonic tip waterflow? |
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Definition
cools transducer and tip
stem bleeding
increased visibility
provides lavage
removes root surface constituents
irrigates sulci and periodontal pockets |
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Term
| What is the core of magnetostrictive units made of? (2) |
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Definition
stack of metal (permanickle)
ferrite rod |
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Term
| What is the approx active tip area for a 25-30,000 Hz magnorestrictive unit? |
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Definition
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Term
| What process causes the formation of fine spray when the ultrasonic water supply contacts the moving tip? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much narrower are ultra thin ultrasonic inserts than standard inserts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 4 factors, other than power and amplitude, influence the amount of energy emitted from the working end of an ultrasonic tip? |
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Definition
time of exposure
pressure
shape of the tip (square= more e)
angle of application (>angle=more energy) |
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Term
| How much less efficient are ultrasonic tips that have been shortened by 1 or 2 mm? |
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Definition
1mm- 25% less
2mm- 50% less |
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Term
| when should an ultrasonic tip be replaced? |
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Definition
| when it has lost 2 mm or more |
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Term
| What is the transducer made of for piezoelectric units? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is water needed for Piezo units? |
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Definition
| no. but used for lavage and cooling of tip |
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Term
| What plane of motion do piezoelectric unit tips operate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What plane of motion do magnorestrictive units tips operate |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the only sides of a piezo unit tip that can be used? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 contraindications for ultrasonic use? |
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Definition
chronic pulmonary disease (asthma, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, emphysema)
cardiovascular disease
dysphagia or swallowing difficulty (muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, paralysis or pschological disorder) |
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Term
| What does debridement mean? |
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Definition
| removal of non-adherent bacteria |
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Term
| What are some benefits of ultrasonics? |
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Definition
irrigation
increased visibility
no sharpening
access by specialized tips
reduced operator fatigue |
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Term
| how many microns of cementum are removed by ultrasonic and hand scaling |
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Definition
ultrasonic- 11.6
hand scaling- 108.9 |
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Term
| does power level on ultrasonics determine the frequency or amplitude? |
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Definition
| amplitude (stroke length) |
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Term
| fluid lavage removes washes what from a periodontal pocket? |
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Definition
toxic products
endotoxins
free floating gram negative bacteria |
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Term
| How much more pathogenic is free-floating bacteria compared to adherent bacteria in a pocket? |
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Definition
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Term
| what percentage of endotoxins are flushed from the pocket due to water lavage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 5 disadvantages of ultrasonic instrumentation? |
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Definition
handpiece sterilization
altered tactile sensitivity
fluid control/evacuation
effects of noise and vibration
contaminated aerosols |
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Term
| Can you use ultrasonics on people with pacemakers? |
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Definition
| only if it's a shielded version (make copy for chart) |
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Term
| What are some examples of places you would not want to use ultrasonics? |
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Definition
titanium implants
restorative materials
demineralization
hypersensitive teeth
exposed dentin |
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Term
| What are 4 measures of ultrasonic success? |
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Definition
feels smooth
no more chunks or slurry
no more dark shadows
significant reduction of swelling/redness |
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Term
| What stroke is used for deplaquing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What power levels (colors) are used for the piezo unit? |
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Definition
| green (low) and blue (high) |
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Term
| for shallow areas, when should you activate the tip? |
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Definition
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Term
| for deep areas, when should you activate the tip? |
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Definition
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Term
| for plaque removal, what angulation should the tip be at? |
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Definition
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Term
| for calculus removal, what angulation should the tip be at? |
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Definition
| slight angle (no more than 15 degrees) |
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Term
| what tip adaptation is most common for shallow areas on anterior teeth |
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Definition
| scaler method (traditional) |
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Term
| What tip adaptation is most common for deeper anterior areas? |
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Definition
| more like a probe (modified adaptation) |
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Term
| what is the term for the ultrasonic tip technique that is angled like a scaler? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 5 most common ultrasonic errors? |
|
Definition
worn inserts
not using the terminal portion of the tip
using point on the root surface
adaptation
not using enough strokes |
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Term
| re-evaluation how many weeks after ultrasonic therapy is recommended? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| can you use vapor sterilization or cold sterile for ultrasonic tips? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ultrasonic tips should no be exposed to solutions containing which compounds? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how often should you check ultrasonic tips for wear? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| is stain removal therapeutic? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what are 4 advantages of air polishing? |
|
Definition
less time
ergonimic- less operator fatigue
less heat generated
sodium bicarbonate less abrasive |
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Term
| what are 3 indications for air polishing? |
|
Definition
heavy stain (tobacco or chlorahexidine)
braces
prior to sealants |
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Term
| what are 8 contraindications for air polishing that differ from ultrasonics? |
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Definition
systemic steroids
K supplements
Na restricted diet
renal insufficiency
metabolic alkalosis
contact lenses
addison's, cushing's
anti-diuretics |
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Term
| what is a sign of addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency) |
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Definition
| pigmented oral tissues (buccal mucosa, tongue, attached gingiva) |
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Term
| What are some signs of cushing's disease |
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Definition
moon face
brown nails
hump neck |
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Term
| what BFE (bacterial filtration efficiency) does your mask need to be for air polishing? |
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Definition
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Term
| what should you do to the air polish powder tube before filling the machine? |
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Definition
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Term
| what should you do with an air polisher before attaching the jet nozzle? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| where on the tooth should you start you air polish stroke? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how many mm's should you nozzle tip of an air polisher be from the tooth? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is the correct angulation for anterior, posterior, and occulsal surfaces with the air polisher? |
|
Definition
anterior- 60 degrees
posterior- 80 degrees
occlusal- 90 degrees |
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Term
| what can result if the air polisher is angled into a sulcus or pocket> |
|
Definition
| subcutaneous facial emphysema |
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Term
| what angle should you patient be at for air polishing? |
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Definition
| 45 degrees, head turned toward clinician |
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Term
| what position should the patient be sitting for air polishing of the max lingual surfaces? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what should you do to the patient's lips before air polishing? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| how many seconds should you polish each tooth with an air polisher? |
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Definition
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Term
| what should you do after air polishing is complete |
|
Definition
| floss and rinse the patient |
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Term
| increasing the power setting on the magnorestrictive unit does what to the power and length of the stroke? |
|
Definition
| higher power and longer stroke |
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Term
| T/F- the lavage during ultrasonic instrumentation has an antimicrobial effect? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| T/F- ultrasonic debrided sites have lower levels of bacteria than sites instruments with hand-activated instruments? |
|
Definition
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