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1100-UGA
midterm
127
Computer Science
Not Applicable
02/29/2004
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Term
DATA AND HOW IT IS STORED
 Definition
SYMBOLS, THAT REPRESENT PEOPLE, EVENTS, AND IDEAS.
USUALLY STORED AS A SERIES OF 1'S AND 0'S
Term
EXECUTABLE FILE
 Definition
CONTAINS PROGREAMS OR INSTRUCTIONS THAT TELL A COMPUTER HOT TO PERFORM A SPECEFIC TASK
Term
FILE NAME EXTENSION
 Definition
USUALLY REFERRED TO SIMPLY AS AN EXTENSION-THAT FURTHER DESCRIBES A FILES CONTENTS.
Term
peripheral device
 Definition
designates equipment that might be added to a computer system to enhance its functionality.
Term
bit.
 Definition
In terms of data storage, each 1 or 0 is called a(n)
Term
byte
 Definition
Eight bits are called a
Term
Each byte
 Definition
represents one character -- a letter, number, or punctuation mark.
Term
A ____ file might contain the text for a document, the numbers for a calculation, the specifications for a graph, the frames of a video, the contents of a Web page, or the notes of a musical passage.
 Definition
data
Term
A ____ file contains the programs that tell a computer how to perform a specific task.
 Definition
executable
Term
A filename ____ describes a file's contents.
 Definition
extension
Term
The extension ____ indicates a graphic file.
 Definition
.tif
Term
The extension ____ indicates a file of synthesized music.
 Definition
.mid
Term
A technology called ____ makes it possible for one person's computer to directly access the contents of another person's hard disk.
 Definition
P2P
Term
is an operating system for servers?
 Definition
UNIX & Linux
Term
The main routes of the Internet are referred to as the Internet
 Definition
backbone.
Term
To prepare data for transport, a computer divides the data into
 Definition
packets.
Term
The process of sending a file from a local computer to a remote computer is called
 Definition
uploading.
Term
Every Web page has a unique address called a(n)
 Definition
URL (Uniform Resource Locator).
Term
www.cnn.com is the
 Definition
Web server name.
Term
Communication between all of the different devices on the Internet is made possible by
 Definition
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
Term
The process of transferring a file from a remote computer to a local computer is called
 Definition
downloading
Term
htm is the
 Definition
filename extension.
Term
____ is the communications standard that is instrumental in transferring Web documents to all corners of the Internet.
 Definition
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Term
____ is a standard format for creating Web documents.
 Definition
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
Term
http is the
 Definition
protocol standard.
Term
A(n) ____ device works with discrete data or digits, such as 1 or 0.
 Definition
digital
Term
uses 16 bits and provides codes for 65,000 characters.
 Definition
Unicode
Term
In Extended ASCII, the eighth bit provides codes for ____ additional characters.
 Definition
128
Term
____ requires only seven bits for each character.
 Definition
ASCII
Term
____ uses eight bits to represent each character.
 Definition
Extended ASCII
Term
____ is an alternative 8-bit code usually used by older, IBM mainframe computers.
 Definition
EBCDIC
Term
The ____ performs arithmetic operations, such as addition and subtraction.
 Definition
ALU
Term
The ALU uses ____ to hold data that is being processed.
 Definition
registers
Term
____ means a billion cycles per second.
 Definition
Gigahertz
Term
The speed specifications that you see in a computer ad indicate the speed of the microprocessor
 Definition
clock.
Term
A Level ____ cache is built into the processor chip.
 Definition
1
Term
A microprocessor with a limited set of simple instructions uses ____ technology.
 Definition
RISC
Term
____ is a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating system.
 Definition
RAM
Term
The similarity between RAM and hard-disk storage is
 Definition
both hold data.
both are inside the system unit.
both can be measured in gigabytes.
All of the above.
Term
Disk ____ refers to the closeness and size of the magnetic particles on the surface of a disk.
 Definition
density
Term
Kilo
 Definition
____ is usually a prefix that means 1,000.
Term
giga-
 Definition
The prefix ____ means billion
Term
Among chip carriers, small rectangular ____ have caterpillar-like legs protruding from a black, rectangular "body."
 Definition
. DIPs
Term
If a program exceeds the allocated space in RAM, the operating system uses an area of the hard disk called ____ memory to store parts of a program or data file until they are needed.
 Definition
virtual
Term
____ is fast and relatively inexpensive.
 Definition
SDRAM
Term
____ is a type of memory circuitry that holds the computer's startup routine.
 Definition
ROM (Read-Only Memory)
Term
A hard disk ____ is a flat, rigid disk made of aluminum or glass and coated with magnetic iron oxide particles.
 Definition
platter
Term
____ drives are typically found in high-performance workstations and servers.
 Definition
SCSI
Term
A(n) ____ storage device contains many disk platters, provides redundancy, and achieves faster data access than conventional hard disks.
 Definition
RAID
Term
____ expansion slots offer fast transfer speeds and are typically used for modems, video capture cards, or network interface cards, for example.
 Definition
PCI
Term
A(n) ____ device works with continuous data.
 Definition
analog
Term
Most computer files contain a file ____ with information on the code that was used to represent the file data.
 Definition
header
Term
A(n) ____ circuit is a super-thin slice of semiconducting material packed with microscopic circuit elements such as wires, transistors, capacitors, logic gates, and resistors.
 Definition
integrated
Term
A ____ is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions.
 Definition
microprocessor
Term
The microprocessor's ____ unit fetches each instruction.
 Definition
control
Term
Using a technology called ____, a processor can begin executing an instruction before it completes the previous instruction.
 Definition
pipelining
Term
With ____ processing, the processor must complete all the steps in the instruction cycle before it begins to execute the next instruction.
 Definition
serial
Term
Unlike disk storage, most RAM is
 Definition
volatile
Term
RAM speed is often expressed in
 Definition
nanoseconds.
Term
____ was first developed for the Nintendo 64 game system, and was adapted for use in personal computers in 1999.
 Definition
RDRAM
Term
The ROM ____ tells the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAM.
 Definition
BIOS
Term
Hard disk and tape storage technologies can be classified as ____ storage.
 Definition
magnetic
Term
____ time is the average time it takes a computer to locate data on the storage medium and read it.
 Definition
Access
Term
Data ____ rate is the amount of data that a storage device can move from the storage medium to the computer per second.
 Definition
transfer
Term
A hard drive mechanism includes a circuit board called a(n) ____ that positions the disk and read-write heads to locate data.
 Definition
controller
Term
____ expansion slots provide a high-speed data pathway that is primarily used for graphics cards.
 Definition
AGP
Term
Machine language instructions that result from compiled instructions are called ____ code
 Definition
object
Term
A(n) ____ translates program instructions one at a time while the program runs.
 Definition
interpreter
Term
The primary purpose of ____ software is to help the computer carry out its basic operating functions
 Definition
system
Term
A user ____ can be defined as the combination of hardware and software that helps people and computers communicate with each other.
 Definition
interface
Term
A(n) ____ interface features menus and icons that you can manipulate with the click of a mouse.
 Definition
graphical user
Term
The core part of the operating system is called the
 Definition
kernel.
Term
The ____ utility allows you to view a list of files, move them to different storage devices, copy them, rename them, and delete them.
 Definition
Windows Explorer
Term
Novell Netware is almost always referred to as a ____ operating system.
 Definition
network
Term
The ____ operating system was developed in 1969 at AT&T's Bell Labs.
 Definition
UNIX
Term
Font size is measured as ____ size.
 Definition
point
Term
One point is about 1/____ of an inch.
 Definition
72
Term
Your document production software typically allows you to define a(n) ____ that lets you apply several font and paragraph elements with a single click.
 Definition
style
Term
A ____ is a number that you want to use in a calculation.
 Definition
value
Term
____ is the cell reference for the upper-left cell in a worksheet.
 Definition
A1
Term
A ____ file can be a useful repository for simple lists of information.
 Definition
flat
Term
A ____ holds one item of data relevant to a record.
 Definition
field
Term
A ____ data type might be used for fields that can be true or false.
 Definition
logical
Term
A ____ data type might be used for fields that contain long sections of text.
 Definition
memo
Term
To create a software environment, a programmer must define the ____ for each element in the environment.
 Definition
properties
Term
____ languages have some similarities to human languages, and produce programs that are fairly easy to test and modify.
 Definition
High-level
Term
The ____ provides the most essential operating system services, such as memory management and file access.
 Definition
kernel
Term
Unless you specify otherwise, a cell reference is a(n) ____ reference.
 Definition
relative
Term
Scripts are written in
 Definition
JavaScript.
Term
In the context of a computer system, the term ____ refers to any component that is required to perform work.
 Definition
resource
Term
A(n) ____ interface requires you to memorize and type commands.
 Definition
command-line
Term
A(n) ____ reference never changes when you insert rows or copy or move formulas
 Definition
absolute
Term
A computer’s microprocessor only understands ____ language.
 Definition
machine
Term
By using a keyboard ____, your computer never misses one of your keystrokes, no matter how fast you type
 Definition
buffer
Term
The operating system's small ____ program is stored in ROM and provides the instructions needed to load the core parts into memory when the system starts.
 Definition
bootstrap
Term
A(n) ____ file is a collection of records, each with the same set of fields that can hold data
 Definition
structured
Term
A(n) ____ language provides a set of commands for locating and manipulating data.
 Definition
query
Term
The operating system uses a ____ system to keep track of the names and locations of files that reside on a storage medium, such as a hard disk.
 Definition
file
Term
A file that does not fit into a single cluster spills over into the next ____ cluster unless that cluster already contains data.
 Definition
concatenated
Term
In addition to replicating itself, a virus might perform a ____ event, sometimes referred to as a payload.
 Definition
trigger
Term
A ____ is a computer program that seems to perform one function while actually doing something else.
 Definition
Trojan horse
Term
____ viruses mutate to escape detection by changing their signatures.
 Definition
Polymorphic
Term
Some full-system backups miss the Windows ____ because its files are always open while the computer is on.
 Definition
Registry
Term
Which of the following is an acceptable filename in Windows NT?
 Definition
Lpt4
Term
Windows ME uses a file system called
 Definition
FAT32.
Term
A virus that attaches to an application program is known as a
 Definition
file virus.
Term
A ____ is designed to spread from computer to computer, and not from file to file.
 Definition
worm
Term
____ viruses are designed to attack antivirus software by, for example, deleting the files that contain virus descriptions.
 Definition
Retro
Term
A(n) ____ backup makes a fresh copy of every file that exists in the folders you've specified for the backup.
 Definition
full
Term
As a backup medium, ____ offer(s) great capacity at a reasonable cost, with tremendous convenience.
 Definition
tape
Term
According to Windows 2000 file-naming conventions, filenames can be at most ____ characters long.
 Definition
255
Term
A filename extension is an optional file identifier that is separated from the main filename by a
 Definition
period.
Term
A root directory can be subdivided into smaller lists, called
 Definition
subdirectories
Term
The main directory of a disk is referred to as the ____ directory.
 Definition
root
Term
When you save a file, your PC's operating system looks at the ____ to see which clusters are empty.
 Definition
FAT
Term
A computer ____ is a set of program instructions that attaches itself to a file, reproduces itself, and spreads to other files.
 Definition
virus
Term
A(n) ____ virus infects the system files that your computer uses every time you turn it on.
 Definition
boot sector
Term
Some worms, designed to generate a lot of activity on a network by flooding it with useless traffic, result in
 Definition
Overriding Worm attacks
Term
____ viruses are able to infect multiple types of targets.
 Definition
Multi-partite
Term
A(n) ____ backup makes a backup only of those files that were added or changed since your last full backup session.
 Definition
differential
Term
According to Windows file-naming conventions, filenames can have an extension of up to ____ characters.
 Definition
3
Term
In the file specification, C:\Music\Reggae\Marley One Love.mp3, mp3 is the
 Definition
extension.
Term
The metaphors that file management utilities use to organize files are referred to as ____ storage models.
 Definition
logical
Term
The native file system for Linux is
 Definition
Ext2fs.
Term
When contiguous clusters are not available, the operating system stores parts of a file in ____ clusters.
 Definition
noncontiguous
Term
An example of a ____ is Ardiri: disguised as a program that pretends to provide free access to a Game Boy emulator, it actually deletes all programs from handheld Palm Pilots.
 Definition
Trojan horse
Term
The ____ is an important file used by the Windows operating system to store configuration information about all of the devices and software installed on a computer system.
 Definition
Registry
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