Details Title: 11 Description: wnjebf Total Flash Cards: 129 Created: 06/10/2008 06:50:33		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Biology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term The matter in all living things are made up of Definition separate chemicals. Term These chemicals could be Definition compounds or elements. Term The elements are the basic chemical units that cannot be broken down by Definition chemical processes. Term There are 92 Definition naturally occurring elements Term How many elements does Life require? Definition 25 of these elements Term 96.3% of human body is made up of Definition oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Term Other important elements include: Definition Phosphorus Sulfur Sodium Chlorine Potassium Iron Term Means water generator Definition Hydrogen (H) Term Much lighter than air Definition Hydrogen (H) Term Hydrogen (H) is Used in Definition Hydrogenating vegetable oils As rocket fuel along with oxygen Term Reacts explosively with water to make hydrogen gas Definition Potassium (K) Term Potassium hydroxide is Definition a corrosive basic compound known as lye (used as drain cleaner) Term Soap is made by Definition mixing fats and oils with potassium hydroxide. Term Important in function of nerve cells Definition Potassium (K) Term Potassium nitrate Definition is saltpeter (gunpowder) Term What is the formula for Potassium Chloride Definition KcL Term ^(they inject people with this to make the heart stop working)^ Definition Potassium Chloride Term Light grey metal Definition Calcium (Ca) Term 80% of bones and teeth are Definition calcium. Term Lime stone and chalk are compounds of Definition calcium. Term Calcium hydroxide is used as..(&Give the formula) Definition lime water. Ca(oH)2 Term Cement has compounds of Definition calcium. Term Common metal Definition Iron (Fe) Term Mixed with carbon to make steel Definition Iron (Fe) Term Rust is Definition Iron Oxide. Term Important part of hemoglobin of the red blood cells Definition Iron (Fe) Term A brown solid used as a disinfectant before surgery Definition Iodine (I) Term Human thyroid gland needs __________ to secrete a hormone called thyroxin Definition Iodine (I) Term Body obtains _________ from seafood and iodized salt. Definition Iodine (I) Term Hydroiodic acid is a Definition very strong acid. Term VN is the formula for Definition Zinc Term Cu is the formula for Definition Copper Term CO is the formula for Definition Cobalt Term Elements contain one kind of Definition atom. Term Compounds are made up of Definition two or more kinds of atoms bonded to each other. Term Different combinations of atoms determine Definition the unique properties of each compound. Term Atoms are the smallest unit of Definition matter Term Atoms are made up of Definition nucleus and electrons Term Nucleus is made up Definition of protons & neutrons Term Electrons move at high speeds around the Definition nucleus. Term __________ = Number of electrons = ________ Definition Number of protons = Number of electrons = atomic number Term __________ + number of neutrons = __________ Definition Number of protons + number of neutrons = atomic mass (weight) Term Atoms that have the same number of ___________ but differ in number of _______ are called isotopes Definition protons and electrons; neutrons Term Give 2 examples of Isotopes: Definition Carbon-12 & Carbon 14 Term If the numbers of neutrons are much higher than the number of protons Definition the nucleus becomes unstable. Term Unstable nucleus becomes Definition radioactive. Term Carbon-14 is Definition radioactive. Term Isotopes of the same element behave Definition the same way chemically. Term This fact can be used for good (one can follow the chemicals in the body and find out where they end up). Definition This fact can also be bad, because body incorporates radioactive element into the body that might cause cancer. Term During a nuclear reactor accident Definition radioactive iodine entered the bodies of many people in Ukraine and caused cancer. Term Properties of elements depend on the number of Definition electrons that occupy the outer-most area of the atom (called outer-most shell) Term Atoms react to form Definition molecules. Term Atoms either Definition lose, gain or share electrons. Term Ionic bond is between Definition two ions. Term Ions are Definition elements or substances that have either gained or lost electrons. Term Gain of electrons gives a substance a Definition negative (-) charge. Term Loss of electrons gives a substance a Definition positive (+) charge. Term In an ionic bond, Definition one substance gives electrons to another substance. Term There is attraction between Definition positive (+) & negative (-) Term Attractions between + & - bonds Definition keeps molecule together (forming ionic bond) Term Sodium chloride (table salt) is an example of Definition an ionic compound. Term Covalent compounds form when atoms Definition share electrons. Term Each atom shares one to Definition six electrons in its outer shell. During the sharing, electrons go around both atoms. Term For each bond, each element contributes Definition one electron. Term Most of the compounds found in living organisms are____; they mostly contain Definition covalent compounds.They mostly contain carbon. Term Carbon can form up to _________ with other carbons and other elements such as ________ Definition four covalent bonds ; (such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen). Term Single Bond: Definition Sharing of a single pair of electrons. Term Double bond: Definition Sharing of two pairs of electrons. Term Give two examples of triple bonds Definition Example: H: C ::: C:H (acetylene) Used in Welding Torches H: C ::: N (hydrogen cyanide) Term Compounds containing double or triple bonds are called_______; give an example Definition unsaturated. Example: Olive oil Term In a non-polar covalent compound ;Give an example Definition electrons are shared equally between atoms. Example: CH 4 Methane Term In a polar covalent compound, ;Give an example Definition electrons spend more time around one atom than the other. Example: Water (H2O) Term In water, electrons spend more time around Definition oxygen than hydrogen. Term Oxygen becomes slightly ________ and hydrogen becomes slightly __________ Definition negative (-) ; positive (+). Term Slightly negative charge of one molecule is attracted to a Definition slightly + charge of another molecule. Term This attraction is called a Definition hydrogen bond Term Hydrogen bonds are Definition weak bonds. Term Hydrogen bonding occurs in other biologically important compounds including: Definition Proteins & Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA) Term Cohesion is: Definition The tendency of the water molecules to stick together. Term This cohesion allows what to form? Definition water droplets Term Surface Tension is Definition the resistance of the water molecules at the surface to be broken. Term Water can support _______ ______ on its surface such as _________ Definition small weight; an insect. Term Hydrogen bonding causes the water to have a Definition Much higher than expected freezing temp, & a Higher than expected boiling temp. Term Water heats up slowly because Definition hydrogen bonds must be broken. Term This causes the water to evaporate Definition less quickly. Term Water also cools down Definition slowly. Term So hydrogen bonding moderates Definition temperature change in water. Term Ice floats on top of Definition liquid water. Term Hydrogen bonding helps formation of Definition ice crystals. Term Ice has fewer _______ than ________ ________ so it floats Definition water molecules; liquid water Term Water freezes from the Definition top down to the bottom Term Aquatic life can live underneath Definition the ice. Term Water is the Definition universal solvent Term Water dissolves many thing Definition in itself. Term A solution is made up of Definition solvent (liquid) and solute (solid). Term Major part is _______, minor part is the ______ Definition solvent; solute. Term A solute can be either a Definition solid, liquid or gas. Term Water readily dissolves ______; Give an example Definition other polar compounds. Example: Urea (Nacl) dissolves in water and excreted in urine. Term Acids have what kind of a taste? Definition sour taste Term Acids are Corrosive at Definition high concentrations. Term Give an example of an acid Definition Example: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (Vinegar) Term What kind of taste do bases have? Definition Have a bitter taste Term Bases are corrosive at Definition high concentrations. Term Give an example of a base Definition (Halopenos) Term pH means Definition Potential of hydrogen Term ph is a measure of Definition acidity and basicity Term a pH of 7 is Definition neuteral Term a pH of 1-6.9 is Definition acidic Term a pH of 7.1-14 is Definition basic. Term Strong acids have a Definition low pH Term Strong bases have a Definition high pH Term Stomach acid has a pH of Definition 1. Term Seawater has a pH of Definition 9. Term Buffers are substances that Definition resist change in pH. Term pH of blood is buffered by Definition Carbonic Acid (H2CO3). Term pH of blood is about Definition 7.4. Term How does Acid Rain form? Definition Compounds of sulfur & nitrogen (part of air pollutants released into the air). 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