Which part of the atom is most involved in covalent bonding?

A. Proton

B. Neutron

C. Electron

D. All are equal

A Polar molecule...

A. Has a slightly positive and slightly negative side

B. Readily forms H bonds

C. Dissolves non-polar substances

D. All the above

E. A and B only

Molecular shape is NOT...

A. Determined by Hydrogen bonds

B. Implicitly tied to function

C. Unchangeable

Which of the following is NOT a property of water?

A. Universal solvent

B. Provides transportation for lipids

C. surface tension

D. Moderated temperature

Which of the following statements are TRUE about functional groups?

A. The location matters

B. The addition, subtraction, or change of functional groups can change a molecule

C. They exist only in carbohydrates

D. All the above

E. A and B only

Fuels (like gasoline) are often hydrocarbons. What property makes them so energy-rich?

A. many hydrogen

B. many double bonds

C. the presence of oxygen

D. all the above

On the way to class you eat a snickers and drink a latte. Your blood is full of glucose. Your liver will store some of this excess sugar in the form of...

A. Cellulose

B. Sucrose

C. Glucose

D. Glycogen

The monomer of carbohydrates is...

A. Disaccharides

B. Monosaccharides

C. Starch

D. Polysaccharides

Which is solid at room temperature?

A. Saturated Fats

B. Unsaturated Fats

C. Both

D. Neither

Which of the following is a type of lipid?

A. Albumin

B. Lactase

C. Cholesterol

D. Glycogen

Which of these is a protein?

A. Albumin

B. Lactase

C. Steroid hormone

D. Glycogen

A. albumin

B. Lactase

What gives an amino acid its unique properties?

A. The carboxyl group

B. The amine group

C. The peptide bonds

D. The functional group

Which contains double bonds?

A. Saturated fats

B. Unsaturated fats

Which of the following does NOT influence protein shape?

A. Disulfide bridges

B. Peptide bonds

C. Hydrogen bonds

D. Ionic bonds

Ribosomes are made in...

A. The smooth ER

B. The rough ER

C. The nucleolus

D. Other ribosomes

Which of these bacteria parts can also be found in eukaryotic cells?

A. Cell wall

B. Ribosome

C. DNA genome

D. All the above

E. Both B and C

Which of the following is NOT a cytoskeletal component?

A. Dyenin

B. Actin

C. Microtubules

D. Intermediate filaments

Which of these organelles can make sugar molecules? 

A. Chloroplasts

B. Mitochondria

C. Lysosomes

D. Peroxisomes

E. None of the above

Which of these organelles contains its own DNA?

A. Chloroplasts

B. Mitochondria

C. Lysosomes

D. Peroxisomes

E. None of the above

A. Chloroplasts

B. Mitochondria

Once a solute has reached equilibrium all molecules stop moving

A. True

B. False

A transport protein would most likely be...

A. Transmembrane

B. Peripheral

A phospholipid is...

A. Hydrophilic

B. Hydrophobic

C. Has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions

What type of cellular junction allows material to pass from the inside of one cell to the inside of another?

A. Adhering junctions

B. Tight junctions

C. Gap junctions

D. All of the above

E. A and C only

Which of these ECM proteins contributes to tensile strength of tissues?

A. Fibronectin

B. Laminin

C. Elastin

D. Collagen

Which of these proteins anchors the cell to the ECM

A. Fibronectin

B. Integrin

C. Kinesin

D. Dyenin

An activated kinase will...

A. Phosphorylate something

B. Dephosphorylate something

C. Speed up a reaction

D. Initiate transcription

Which of these forms of signaling affect the local neighbors of the secreting cell, but nor far away cells?

A. autocrine

B. paracrine

C. endocrine

D. all the above

Which of the following organelles is involved in carbohydrate synthesis?

A. Nucleus

B. Ribosomes

C. Rough ER

D. Smooth ER

E. Golgi apparatus

F. Vesicles

Enzymes are...

A. Catalysts

B. Proteins

C. Carbohydrates

D. Steroid Hormones

A. Catalysts

B. Proteins

Which process utilizes the electron transport chain?

A. Glycolysis

B. Transition

C. Kreb's cycle

D. Oxidative Phosphorylation

E. All of the above

In which of the processes below is O₂ required?

A. Glycolysis

B. Transition

C. Kreb's cycle

D. Oxidative Phosphorylation

E. All the above

B. Transition

C. Kreb's Cycle
D. Oxidative Phosphorylation 

In which of the processes is CO₂ produced?

A. Glycolysis

B. Transition

C. Kreb's cycle

D. Oxidative Phosphorylation

E. All the above

B. Transition

C. Kreb's cycle

In which of the processes is ATP made?

A. Glycolysis

B. Transition

C. Kreb's cycle

D. Oxidative Phosphorylation

E. All the above

A. Glycolysis

C. Kreb's Cycle

D. Oxidative Phosphorylation

In which of these processes is ATP broken down?

A. Glycolysis

B. Transition 

C. Kreb's Cycle

D. Oxidative Phosphorylation

E. All the above

Which of these processes take place in the mitochondrion?

A. Glycolysis

B. Transition

C. Kreb's Cycle

D. Oxidative phosphorylation

E. All the above

C. Kreb's Cycle

D. Oxidative Phosphorylation

During interphase, DNA is found in the form of...

A. Chromosomes

B. Chromatin

C. Chromatid

Two chromatids...

A. Share the same genetic squence

B. Share similar genes, but different copies

C. Are from two siblings

D. Are biologically unreleated

The spindle is made of...

A. Mitochondria

B. Microtubules

C. Actin

D. ECM

In order to metastasize, a tumor needs access to...

A. Muscle cells

B. Nerves

C. Blood vessels

D. Bones

During which process do we find Okazaki fragments?

A. DNA replication

B. Transcription

C. Translation

D. A and B only

Which molecule has an anti-codon?

A. DNA

B. mRNA

C. tRNA

D. None of the above

Which of the following is NOT a required element for translation?

A. Available amino acids

B. Available nucleotides

C. tRNA

D. mRNA

E. ATP

B. Available nucleotides

E. ATP

You're trying to make a mouse that expresses a human protein. Which vector would be better?

A. Virus

B. Plasmid

Changing to protein expression on host cell membranes would affect which step?

A. Attachment

B. Entry

C. Integration

D. Synthesis of viral components

E. Viral assembly

F. Release

When a bacterium takes up DNA from its enviroment, this is called...

A. Conjugation

B. Transduction

C. Transformation

What type of cell is responsible for coordinating the acquired immune response?

A. Macrophages

B. Neutrophils

C. B cells

D. Helper T cells

E. Cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following drives the innate immune response?

A. PAMP recognition

B. B cells

C. Helper T cells

D. Neutrophils

E. Eosinophils

Which types of cells can engulf bacteria?

A. T cells

B. B cells

C. Macrophages

D. Eosinophils

E. Both C and D

In general, your B cells make more antibodies...

A. During a primary infection

B. During a secondary infection

C. Same both times.