Term
| Common carotid artery (CCA) arises from the __________ __________ on the __________ side, and from the __________ (a.k.a. __________) on the __________ side. |
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Definition
| aortic arch, left, innominate, Brachiocephalic, right |
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Term
| The CCA __________ into __________ __________ __________ and __________ __________ __________ at about the level of the __________ __________. |
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Definition
| bifurcates, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery, laryngeal prominence |
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Term
| The __________ __________ __________ perfuse the eyes and the brain. |
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Definition
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Term
| The __________ is perfused by the two carotid and two __________ arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| The Ophthalmic arteries arise and branches from the __________ __________ __________ just proximal to the __________ __________ __________. |
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Definition
| internal carotid arteries, , Circle of Willis. |
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Term
| The __________ __________ __________ perfuse the face and __________. |
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Definition
| external carotid arteries, scalp |
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Term
| The internal carotid artery is usually the __________ and __________ artery and the external carotid artery is usually the __________ and __________ artery. |
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Definition
| larger, lateral (posterolateral), smaller, medial (anteromedial) |
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Term
| Most strokes are caused by __________ __________ at the __________ __________. |
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Definition
| atheromatous (atherosclerotic) plaque, carotid bifurcation. |
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Term
| Hold the probe __________ with the __________ and the tip of the __________ while the wrist is in a __________ position. |
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Definition
| gently, fingertips, thumb, neutral |
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Term
| Hold the probe somewhat sideways--don't try to __________ your fingers in the __________ of the __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| IMPORTANT! Don't let your __________ stick out to the side. Just let it drop relaxed from the __________. This keeps you from bending at the __________ to the "__________ __________ __________." |
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Definition
| elbow, shoulder, wrist, carpal tunnel position |
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Term
| The two scan planes are __________ and __________. |
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Definition
| Transverse (short axis), Sagittal (long axis or longitudinal) |
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Term
| To orientate yourself to the screen, __________ is always at the top and __________ is farther down. |
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Definition
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Term
| To orientate yourself in transverse, always remember that medial is on the __________ on the __________ and on the __________ on the __________. To check your orientation, move the probe a bit medial and watch where the __________ comes into the screen. Also,look for the __________. |
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Definition
| right, right, left, left, tissue, thyroid |
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Term
| To orientate yourself in sagittal, always remember that the __________ are always to the __________ of the screen. To check your orientation, move the probe toward the __________. __________ should come into the screen from the __________. |
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Definition
| feet, right,feet, tissue, right |
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Term
| There are only four basic probe movements. __________ is sweeping the beam across its axis. __________ is turning the beam around its axis. __________ is rocking the beam along its axis. __________ is moving the probe across the skin. |
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Definition
| Angling,Rotating, Rocking, Sliding |
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Term
| The three approaches on the neck are __________, __________, and __________. __________ is almost always the best image quality. These refer to the position of the probe relative to the principal landmark on the neck: the __________ __________. |
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Definition
| anterior, lateral, posterior, lateral, sternocleidomastoid muscle |
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Term
| When the artery is not centered on the screen in transverse, you should __________ the beam to move it to the center of the field of view. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the ends of the vessel are closed off in sagittal, you should __________ the beam to line up with the artery. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the walls of the vessel are fuzzing out while in sagittal, you should __________ the beam to send the beam through the largest diameter of the artery. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the artery is not level in the field of view while in sagittal, you should __________ the beam to level it out. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is almost always the right depth for most carotid patients. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is the amount of amplification of the return echoes. __________ __________ is the overall amplification. |
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Definition
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Term
| To compensate for loss of echo strength or attenuation at deeper structures, you can adjust the __________ __________ __________ which controls gain at different depths. |
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Definition
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Term
| The TGCs usually need to be pulled down at the __________ field to keep from being too __________ and __________ in the far field to keep it from being too __________. |
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Definition
| near, bright, boosted, dark |
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Term
| Transverse scan: Start __________ in the neck at the __________ CCA. Confirm the correct __________ of the screen. Keeping the artery __________ at all times, move __________ to the __________,identify the __________ and __________, then follow the __________ as far __________ as possible. Change beam angle and approach if necessary to get as far up the __________ as you can. Make all your movements smooth; don't let the artery swim or jerk back and forth in the field. It is usually best to start with a somewhat __________ approach __________,gliding around more __________ as you move __________; this will usually improve the image as you move up. |
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Definition
| low, proximal, orientation, centered, distally, bifurcation, ICA, ECA, ICA, distally,ICA, anterior, proximally, laterally, distally |
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Term
| Sagittal scan: Start low in the __________. Confirm the correct __________ of the screen (__________ to the __________). Move __________ to the __________, keeping the __________ __________ at all times. Once again, start with an __________ approach in the __________ __________, gliding to a more __________ approach as you move up. This will make the image clearer than staying in the __________ approach, wich tends to make for a fuzzy-looking artery. When you reach the __________, perform the bifurcation maneuver to identify ICA and ECA, keeping the CCA open to the right of the screen as you show its continuity with one branch, then the other. Remember, if it's difficult to show the ECA, try changing approaches. Follow the ICA as far distally as possible. Remember to keep the beam __________ to the artery; don't aim the beam up the neck in an effort to chase the artery. Press down a bit more firmly with the distal end of the probe and you'll be able to take the ICA farther distal with a reasonable image. Finally, scan back down the ICA and CCA to the low neck again. Remember to glide back to a more anterior approach as you go proximal; that way you avoid the __________ muscle and get farter proximal. |
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Definition
| CCA, orentation, feet, right, distally, bifurcation, walls, clear, anterior, proximal, CCA, lateral, anterior, bifurcation, perpendicular, sternocleidomastoid |
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