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| Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement was founded. |
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| The Declaration of Independence was signed. |
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| The Constitution of the United States was written. |
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| President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France AND Marbury vs. Madison established judicial review. |
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| The Civil War was fought. |
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| The first shots of the American Revolution were fired in April, 1775. |
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| The site of the first battle of the American Revolution. |
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| The "turning point" of the American Revolution. |
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| The British were defeated by George Washington's troops ending the American Revolution. Cornwallis surrendered to Washington. |
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| Fort Sumpter, South Carolina |
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| The first shots of the Civil War were fired. No casualties of this battle. |
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| The "turning point" in the Civil War for the North. Confederate troops were forced to retreat and never invaded the North again. |
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| The capture of Vicksburg by the North, in 1863, effectively split the Confederacy in two and gave control of the Mississippi River to the Union. |
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| The small town in Virginia where Robert E. Lee surrendered the Confederate Army to Ulysses S. Grant ending the Civil War. |
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| An economic theory that a country's strength is measured its wealth, that a country should sell more than it buys and colonies exist for the benefit of the Mother Country. |
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| A person who wanted to end slavery in the U.S. |
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| A tax placed on imported goods to protect the home industry. |
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| A strong sense of loyalty to a state or section instead of to the whole country. |
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| The belief that the US should own all of the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. "From sea to shining sea". |
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| A campaign against the sale or drinking of alcohol. |
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| Representative Government |
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| A system of government where voters elect representatives to make laws for them. |
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| A nation in which voters choose representatives to govern them. |
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| The first representative assembly in the new world. |
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| Three Branches of Government |
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| -Legislative, Judicial and Executive |
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| A system set up by the Consitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power to check, or control, the actions of the other branches. |
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| The freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with minimal government regulation. |
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| The sharing of power between the states and the national government. |
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| A system in which each branch has it's own powers. (Specific jobs) |
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| The practice of allowing each territory to decide for itself whether or not to allow slavery. |
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| Rights that can't be given up, taken away or transferred without due process of law. i.e..Life, Liberty, the pursuit of Happiness |
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| A cruel and unjust government. |
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| A form of government that is run for and by the people, giving people the supreme power. |
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| The right of the Supreme Court to judge laws passed by Congress and determine whether they are constitutional or not. |
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| The refusal to obey a government law or laws as a means of passive resistance because of one's moral conviction or belief. |
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| Supporters of the Constitution - favored a strong national government. |
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| People opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state governments than to the national government. |
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| The idea of a state declaring a federal law illegal or "null". |
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| The original records of an event. i.e..eyewitness reports, records created at the time of an event, speeches and leters by people involved in the event, photographs and artifacts. |
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| The later writings and interpretations of historians and writers. Often secondary sources, like textbooks and articles, provide summaries of information found in primary sources. |
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| An attitude toward society in the late 1700's based on the belief that the good virtue and morality of the people was essential to sustain the republican form of government. |
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| The era in which a change from household industries to factory production using powered machinery took place. |
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| Signed in 1215 by King John, it was the first document that limited the power of the ruler. |
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| Protected the rights of English citizens and became the basis for the American Bill of Rights. |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| A document written by Thomas Jefferson, declaring the colonies independence from England. |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| The first American constitution. Very WEAK document that limited the power of Congress by giving thestates the final authority over all decisions. |
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| Constitution of the United States |
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| Sets out the laws and principles of the government of the United States. |
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| A foreign policy statement by President James Monroe stating the 1) US would not interfere in European affairs, 2)western hemisphere was closed to colonization by European nations. |
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| George Washington's Farewell Address |
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| Advised the US to stay "neutral in relations with other nations", avoid alliances and to avoid debt. |
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| Ended the French and Indian War and effectively kicked the French out of North America. |
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| ended the American Revolution and forced Britain to recognize the United States as an independent nation. |
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| A policy of establishing the principles and procedures for the orderly expansion of the United States. |
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| The agreement signed in 1620 by the Pilgrims in Plymouth, to consult each other about laws for the colony and a promise to work together to make it succeed. |
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| A series of essays written by James Madison, John Jay and Alexander Hamilton, defending the Constitution and the principles on which the government of the US was founded. |
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| A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to convince colonists that it was time to become independent from Britain. |
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| The first 10 amendments to the Constitution and detail the protection of individual liberties. |
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| A short speech given by Abraham Lincoln to dedicate a cemetery for soldiers who died at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is considered to be a profound statement of American ideals. |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| Abraham Lincoln issued this document of January 1, 1863, setting all the slaves, in the Confederate states, free. |
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| Lincoln's First Inaugural Address |
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| Stated that, "no state...can lawfully get out of the Union", but pledged there would be no war unless the South started it. |
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| Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address |
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| Speech that was meant to help heal and restore the country after four years of Civil War. |
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| Agreement that created two houses of Congress - one based on population, the other with equal representaion for each state. |
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| Founder of the Sons of Liberty, started the Committee of Correspondence to stir public support for American independence. |
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| An inventor, statesman, diplomat, signer of the Declaration of Independence and delegate to the Constitutional Convention. |
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| The King of England who disbanded the colonial legislatures, taxed the colonies, and refused the Olive Branch Petition leading to the final break with the colonies. |
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| Wrote the Declaration of Independence, became the 3rd President of the US and purchased the Louisiana Territory, doubling the size of the US. |
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| Wrote pamphlets like Common Sense and The Crisis to encourage American independence and resolve. |
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| The leader of the Continental Army who became the first President of the United States. |
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| The leader of the original Democratic Party and a "President of the people". He was also responsible for the Trail of Tears, which forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi River. |
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| A South Carolina congressman and Senator who spoke for the South before and during the Civil War. |
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| A powerful Kentycky congressman and Senator who proposed the American System and the Compromise of 1850. |
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| A Massachusetts congressman and Senator who spoke for the North and the preservation of the Union. |
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| President of the Confederacy during the Civil War. |
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| The General of the Union Army and was responsible for winning the Civil War for the North. |
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| The General of the confederate Army. |
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