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Definition
units of heredity
made of DNA |
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Definition
| Polymers of nucleotides linked together by dehydration synthesis reactions |
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Definition
| building block molecules of nucleic acid and are composed of sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base |
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Definition
| Sugar and Phosphate groups form this |
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| Nucleic acid backbone has ... |
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Definition
directionality (3' versus 5')
(Left vs Right) |
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Definition
| Two families of nitrogenous bases |
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Definition
| nitrogenous bases characterized by 5-membered ring fused to 6-membered ring where both are made up of C and N |
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Definition
| nitrogenous bases with 6-membered ring made up of C and N |
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Definition
Adenine bonds with Thymine
Guanine bonds with Cytosine |
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Definition
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Definition
Came up with physical structure of DNA evidence through x-ray crystallography;
Led to double helix model |
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Definition
> strands are antiparallel
> Specific base pairing - complementary base pairs |
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Term
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Definition
1. Unwind double helix
2. unzip
3. add back complementary bases |
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Term
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Definition
Step 1 in replication
Double helix unwinds and strands separate |
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Definition
Step 2 Replication
Each strand can act as template |
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Definition
Step 3 of Replication
a new strand winds up with an old strand |
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Term
| semi-conservative replication |
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Definition
| 2 copies that have 1 old strand, 1 new strand |
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Term
| Properties of DNA replication |
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Definition
> requires 20+ enzymes
> Rapid
* Prokaryote 500/second
* Humans 50/second
> Accurate - 1 in a BILLION mistake |
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Term
| Where DNA replication starts |
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Definition
1. DNA strands separated by helicase (enzyme) to form "Bubble"
2. At each end of bubble, replication fork is placed where new strands are being made |
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Term
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Definition
| y-shaped region of replication DNA moleculs where new strands are growing |
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Term
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Definition
> DNA Polymerase (makes them stick together)
> Synthesis occurs in a 5' -> 3' direction
> Synthesis is bidirectional |
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Term
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Definition
> one strand is made continuously
> One is made in pieces
* fragments of lagging strand are joined by DNA ligase |
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