Term
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Definition
- People go to war for greed, for excitement and adventure, for religion and politics.
- War is a peculiar human activity and can bring out some of our best traits such as courage and self-sacrifice and yet can also lead men and women to comit acts of cruelty and barbarism.
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Term
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Definition
- Most people are now familiar with war.
- It used to be something you learned about in history but now we see its horror every day on tv in our own homes.
- Except for disease and natural disasters there is nothing else that brings home human suffering so forcefully.
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Term
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Definition
- War is conflict among states where armed forces confront the armed forces of another state.
- It is generally conducted within certain customs or laws.
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Term
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Definition
- Just war theory
- Realism
- Pacifism
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Term
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Definition
- Probably the most influencial approach to issues of war and peace.
- It is constantly being refined and redeveloped.
- Just War Theory has been discussed from the Gulf War and ever since.
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Term
| The Origins of Just War Theory |
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Definition
- Jus ad Bellum - justice in the decision to wage war
- Jus in Bello - justice in the conduct of war
- Jus post Bellum - justice in the ending of war
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Term
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Definition
- Just cause
- Legitimate authority
- Right Intention
- Likelihood of success
- Proportionality
- Last resort
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Term
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Definition
- Proportionality
- Discrimination and non-combatant immunity
- Obey all international laws on weapons
- Fair treatment of prisoners
- No means mala in se
- No reprisals
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Term
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Definition
- Proportionality
- Discrimination
- Rights Vindication
- Punishment
- Compensation
- Rehabilitation
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Term
| Strengths of Just War Theory |
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Definition
- Flexible
- Allows defence to defenceless
- Grows and develops all the time
- Defines the conditions
- Recognises the necessity of action against the aggressor
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| Weaknesses of Just War Theory |
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Definition
- Unrealistic
- Violence is permitted
- Conditions are too simplistic
- Many wars are only considered in hindsight
- Terrorism demands a different approach
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Term
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Definition
- Non-moral activity
- Killing, maiming or stealing may be wrong for individuals
- BUT have no application to nations in times of war
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Term
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Definition
- The belief that Christians may use violence to bring about the Kingdom of God and secure peace on Earth
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Term
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Definition
- Reject all war in favour of peace
- Conflicts between nations should be settled by international gatherings such as the UN
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Term
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Definition
- Never right to kill another human being no matter what the consequences of not doing so might be, even loss of life
- This may be a religious belief or even a secular one
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Term
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Definition
- It rooted in Christianity and was particularly strong in the early Church
- It looked to the Gospels, which record that Jesus called his followers not to violence, but to sacrificial love
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Term
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Definition
- Is not opposed to war on absolute grounds, but on contigent grounds
- War cannot be waged ion a morally acceptable way
- All wars today involve killing of the innocents and this is morally unjustifiable
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Term
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Definition
- Has to take a back seat to the werlfare of the oppressed sometimes
- About how to live life, but sometimes it is either impossible or immoral to maintain a pacifist stance
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Term
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Definition
- clear cut
- follows teachings of Jesus
- promotes the absolute value of human life
- follows historical position of the early Christians
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Term
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Definition
- Allows evil to dominate
- State has a duty to protect its citizens
- We do not live in a world based on pacifism
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Term
| Utilitarianism applied to war |
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Definition
- Approaches war by asking if it goes against moral principles or rules
- Difficult to apply to war
- Preference Utilitarianism requires the preference of all those involved
- Can also oppose war if loss of human life looks too great
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Term
| Kantian ethics applied to war |
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Definition
- Has to be a right intention
- Difficult to find a maxim that could universalise killing
- Fairly pessemistic about the human race and believed warfare to be morally persimisable in the les than ideal world
- Doesn't meet the categorical imperative
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