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10.1 Water and Weathering
Science of the Physical Creation
38
Science
9th Grade
07/19/2010

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Term
weathering
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the process by which rocks are broken down by the forces of nature.

Term
physical weathering
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the breakdown of rocks by physical forces of wear and tear such as ice, rapid changes in temperature, and grit carried by wind and running water.

Term
ice wedging
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">occurs whend rainwater or melted ice soaks into timy cracks in a rock and freezes; the sudden expantion of the ice can split the rock.

Term
exfoliation
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the breaking or peeling away of rock in layers.

Term
talus
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the broken fragments of rock collected at the base of an exfoliating rock.

Term
chemical weathering
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">when minerals in rock react chemically with air or water, causing the minerals in the rock to be weakened and dissolved, causing the rock to crumble; chemical weathering changes the composition of the original mineral(s).

Term
erosion
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the process by which fragments of rock from weathered rocks are carried away by a physical process such as wind or water.

Term
runoff
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the excess rainwater that is not evaporated or seeped into the ground.

Term
sheetwash
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the process of stripping away a thin sheet of topsoil from the surface of the land.

Term
gulling
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the process of running water carving a channel in the ground that cannot be repaired by ordinary cultivation.

Term
water table
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the level of standing groundwater beneath the surface; if a ravine reaches the water table, it will become a permanent stream.

Term
river
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">large streams that carry water from the mountains to the sea.

Term
load
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the material carried by a stream.

Term
drainage basin
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the region of land drained by a stream or by a river system.

Term
divide
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">a high ridge beyond which the water drains in another direction.

Term
tributaries
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">streams that feed into a river at various points along the river's path.

Term
flood plain
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the level land that borders a river and is coverd by river water in flood time.

Term
levees
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">natural ridges alond the edges of the river's channel.

Term
meanders
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">winding, looping curves in a river

Term
oxbow lake
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">a cut off meanader that forms a U shaped body of water.

Term
delta
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">a load of sediment at the end of a river that forms a fan or triangle shaped deposit.

Term
alluvial fan`
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the sediments sometimes left on a plain in a delta-like deposit at the base of a mountain

Term
caverns
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">underground cavites from from underground streams eroding the limestone rock.

Term
dripstone
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">calcium carbonate deposited by water droplets.

Term
stalacite
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">a bulidup of dripstone that forms icicle like bulidup hanging from the roof of a cavern.

Term
stalagmite
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">dripstone buildup on the floor of the cavern.

Term
column
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">formed when a stalacite and stalagmite meet, forming a column.

Term
sinkhole
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">a funnel shaped depression in the ground formed when the roof of a cavern collapses.

Term
karst regions
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">region of the earth's surface where limestone is exposed and abundant.

Term
beaches
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">gently sloping coasts covered by sand or pebbles.

Term
bars
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">ridges of sand or gravel offshore from a beach.

Term
barrier islands
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">large offshore bars that fomr narrow, sandy islands that lie off the coast of the mainland.

Term
sound
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">the body of water lying between the barrier island and the coast.

Term
promontories
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">headlands that project out into the sea along deep water shorelines.

Term
sea cliff
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">a vertical face of rock formed by waves eroding portions of the coast.

Term
sea caves
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">indentations that form when soft rock in the

Term
sea arches
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">narrow formations of rock that arch out into the water from the coast.

Term
sea stack
Definition
p style="text-align: left;">produced when a sea arch colaspses

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