Details Title: 08 geometry final vocab Description: ch 7- 13 Total Flash Cards: 89 Created: 05/31/2008 10:02:15		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Mathematics Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term preimage Definition the original figure Term image Definition the new image Term transformation Definition the operation that moves the preimage onto the image Term rigid Definition a transformation where every image is congruent to its preimage Term isometry Definition a transformation in a plane that preserves lengths or every segment is congruent to its image Term reflection Definition a line M is a transformation that maps every point Q in the plane to a point Q', so that the following properties are true: 1. if Q is not on M, then m is the perpendicular bisector of line QQ' 2. if Q is on line M, then Q= Q' Term rotation Definition a point O through x degrees is a transformation that maps every point P in the plane to a point P', so that the following properties are true: 1. if P is not point O, then PO= P'O and m Term translation Definition a vector AA', is a transformation that maps every point P in the plane to a point P', so that the following properties are true: 1. PP'= AA' 2 line PP' is parallel to line AA' or line PP' is collinear with line AA' Term ratio Definition if the units are the same a to b a:b a/b Term proportion Definition an equation that equates to ratios Term similar Definition two polygons are similar if their corresponding angles are congruent and the lengths of corresponding sides are proportional. the symbol ~ means "is similar to" Term scale factor Definition the common ratio between two similar figures Term equilateral triangle Definition all 3 sides congruent Term isosceles triangle Definition at least two sides congruent Term scalene triangle Definition no congruent sides Term acute triangle Definition three acute angles Term right triangle Definition one right angle Term obtuse triangle Definition one obtuse angle Term Pythagorean triple Definition a set of three positive integers that fit into the Pythagorean theorm Term trigonometric ratio Definition a ration of the lengths of two sides of a right triangle Term sine Definition a basic trigonometric ratio (abbreviation as sin) Term cosine Definition a basic trigonometric ratio (abbreviation as cos) Term tangent Definition a basic trigonometric ratio (abbreviation as tan) Term circle Definition a set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a given point Term center Definition center of a circle is a given point Term interior Definition the points inside the circle Term exterior Definition the points outside the circle Term chord Definition a segment whose endpoints are on the circle Term diameter Definition a chord that passes through the center Term radius Definition a segment that has the center as one endpoint and a point of the circle as the other endpoint Term tangent Definition a line that intersects a circle at exactly one point Term point of tangency Definition the point at which a tangent intersects a circle Term secant Definition a line that intersects a circle at two points Term common tangent Definition a line that is tangent to two circles Term common external tangent Definition a common tangent that does not intersect the line segment that joins the centers of the two circles Term common internal tangent Definition a common tangent that intersects the segment that joins the centers of the two circles Term concentric Definition circles that have the same center Term congruent Definition circles that have congruent radii or congruent diameters Term inscribed Definition a circle is inscribed in a polygon if each side of the polygon is tangent to the circle Term circumscribed Definition a circle is circumscribed about a polygon if each vertex of the polygon lies on the circle Term central angle Definition an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle Term minor arc Definition if the measure of the central angle of the arc is less than 180 degrees Term semicircle Definition if the endpoints of the arc are the endpoints of the diameter Term major arc Definition if the measure of the central angle of the arc measures greater than the 180 degrees Term inscribed angle Definition an angle that is produced by the intersection on the circle by two chords Term intercepted arc Definition the arc that lies in the interior of an inscribed angle Term equation of a circle Definition with radius r and center (h,k) (x-h)^2 + (y-k)^2= r^2 Term perimeter Definition the sum of the lengths of its sides Term area Definition the length multiplied by the width measured in square units Term apothem Definition the distance between the center of a polygon and a side Term circumference Definition the distance around the circle Term sector Definition the region bound by two radii of a circle and their intercepted arc Term polyhedron Definition a solid that is bound by polygons Term faces Definition polygon sides of a polyhedron Term edge Definition a line segment formed by the intersection of two faces Term vertex Definition a point where three or more edges meet Term surface Definition all points on the faces of a polyhedron Term convex Definition if any two points on its surface can be connected b a line segment that lies entirely inside the polyhedron Term regular Definition a polyhedron that has all of its faces congruent Term tetrahedron Definition a regular polyhedron with 4 faces Term cube Definition a regular polyhedron with 6 faces Term octahedron Definition a regular polyhedron with 8 faces Term dodecahedron Definition a regular polyhedron with 12 faces Term icosahedron Definition a regular polyhedron with 20 faces Term prism Definition a polyhedron that has two parallel, congruent faces called bases and lateral faces Term altitude Definition height Term right prism Definition each lateral edge is perpendicular to both bases Term oblique prism Definition a prism that have lateral edges that are oblique Term slant height Definition length of the oblique lateral edges Term surface area Definition the sum of the areas of its faces Term circular cylinder (cylinder) Definition a solid with congruent circular bases that lie in parallel planes Term lateral area Definition the area of its curved lateral surface Term right cylinder Definition if the segment joining the centers of the two bases is perpendicular to the bases Term pyramid Definition a polyhedron in which the base is a polygon and the lateral faces are triangles that have a common vertex Term base edge Definition the intersection of the base and a lateral face Term lateral faces Definition parallelograms that are formed by connecting corresponding vertices of the bases Term lateral edges Definition the segments connecting the corresponding vertices of the bases Term regular pyramid Definition a pyramid a base that is a regular polygon and the segment from the vertex to the center of the base is perpendicular to the base Term circular cone (cone) Definition a solid that has a circular base and a vertex that is not in the same plane as the base. the lateral surface of all segments that connect the vertex with points on the edge of the base. Term right cone Definition a cone in which the vertex lies directly above the center of the base Term volume Definition the base multiplied by the height measured in cubic units Term sphere Definition the set of all points in space that are a given distance from the center Term great circle Definition if a plane intersects a sphere and goes through the center of the sphere Term hemisphere Definition a half of a sphere, divided by the great circle, that has a congruent pair to make up a sphere Term locus Definition in a plane, the set of all points that satisfy a given condition or a set of given conditions plural= loci Term compound locus Definition the intersection of loci by two or more conditions Term cross sections Definition the intersection of a plane and a sphere possible to intersect in one point, a great circle, and a circle with a radius less than that of the sphere Term conic sections Definition the cross sections that result when a plane intersects a double napped right cone; a circle, an ellipse, a parabola, or a hyperbola Term ellipse Definition the locus of all points (x,y) such that the sum of the distances between (x,y) and two distinct points, the focuses or foci, is a constant