Term
| Microbe/s that cause/s Bangers? |
|
Definition
Brucella abortus (everything)
Brucella melitensis (mostly goats)
Brucella ovis (sheep)
Brucella canis (K9)
Brucella suis (mostly swine) |
|
|
Term
| If an animal is positive for Brucellosis, what happens to that animal? |
|
Definition
-often culled
-meat can still be eaten if well-cooked, so brand a "B" onto animal's R jaw |
|
|
Term
Colloquial names for Brucellosis in:
-cattle
-equine
-swine/sheep/goats/k9
-humans |
|
Definition
-Cattle: "Bangs Disease," "Bangers," "Contagious Abortion"
-Equine: "Fistulous Withers"
-Swine/sheep/goats/k9: Brucellosis
-Humans: "Undulant Fever," "Malta Fever" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-abortion
-males get orchitis/epididymitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| swelling of testicles that resembles cancer |
|
|
Term
| How is Brucellosis spread? |
|
Definition
-ingestion of placenta, milk, fetus
-semen, vaginal discharge
-conjunctival contamination
-wild carnivores can spread long distances |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Brucellosis in humans? |
|
Definition
| -"undulant fever" means it cycles between vary high and then low |
|
|
Term
| How can people contract Brucellosis? |
|
Definition
-eating contaminated meat that isn't cooked well enough
-drinking contaminated raw milk
-in the past, vets would clean out retained placenta without gloves |
|
|
Term
| Which zoonoses is the US now free of? |
|
Definition
-Brucellosis
-Psuedorabies |
|
|
Term
| What species primarily gets Brucella melitensis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Brucella canis spread? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of Brucella canis? |
|
Definition
| -abortion, then female gets very ill |
|
|
Term
| Why are chickens no longer allowed to "follow up" on pigs? |
|
Definition
-some chickens have Mycobacterium avium
-pigs eat dead chickens, get tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the body's response to Mycobacterium bovis? |
|
Definition
-can't destroy the bacterium, so it forms scar tissue around it = buboes
-rad of lungs looks like polka dots |
|
|
Term
| Microbe that causes tuberculosis? |
|
Definition
Mycobacterium bovis
M. avium
M. johnei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-recognize
-report
-respond |
|
|
Term
| How do cattle contract tuberculosis? |
|
Definition
| inhale/ingest bacteria in sputum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sputum, infected meat, infected milk |
|
|
Term
| How to perform a TB test? |
|
Definition
- Inject 0.1cc Tuberculin ID into tail fold
- Read 72 hrs later - compare to pea |
|
|
Term
| How many cows can you test for TB with one TB syringe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who can perform a TB test? |
|
Definition
| accredited vet (vs licensed vet) |
|
|
Term
| What species get M. bovis? |
|
Definition
-cows
-swine
-humans
-poultry
-feline / k9
-goats
-sheep |
|
|
Term
| What species get M. avium? |
|
Definition
-poultry, but ingesting/inhaling sputum
-swine by ingestion of poultry or by-products |
|
|
Term
| What species get M. johnei? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the disease caused by Mycobacterium johnei. |
|
Definition
| Johne's Disease (pronounced "yo-knees") |
|
|
Term
| How do calves get Johne's? |
|
Definition
| -ingest feces or colostrum |
|
|
Term
| How to best control Johne's? |
|
Definition
-strict isolation of neonates
-pasteurized colostrum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-chronic weight loss
-diarrhea because rectal mucosa scar over and can't absorb water |
|
|
Term
| What microbe causes k9 coccidiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What species get Neospora caninum? How are they infected? |
|
Definition
-k9: ingest oocyte/spore from aborted calves
-bovine: k9 feces in feedstuffs/water/pasture; placental transfer |
|
|
Term
| 3 outcomes of fetus infected with Neospora caninum: |
|
Definition
1- abortion
2- born but quickly dies
3- neonate survives, no carrier state |
|
|
Term
| Which zoonosis is the US getting under control? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which zoonosis is rampant in livestock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals can get Lepto? |
|
Definition
-cattle, sheep, goats, horses, pigs
-humans
-k9, feline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -urine is ingested or contaminates conjunctiva |
|
|
Term
| What farm workers are at risk of getting Lepto, and why? |
|
Definition
-milkers in milk pits
-urine splashes into their eye and conjunctiva |
|
|
Term
| What species of Lepto can cattle get? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals get Leptospira grippotyphosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals get Leptospira hardjo? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What species of Leptospira can humans get? |
|
Definition
-L. pomona
-L. icterohaemorrhagiae
-L. canicola (?maybe) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prion disease of sheep and goats |
|
|
Term
| How is scrapie contracted? |
|
Definition
-ingestion of fetal/placental juices
-contamination of scarified skin by prion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis = Mad Cow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transmissable Gastroenteritis (swine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other names for Pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
| PRV, Mad Itch, Aujeszky's Disease |
|
|
Term
| What animals get pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
-mostly pigs
-also k9, feline, sheep, cattle |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
-virus replicates under skin causing intense itching
-pig/animal kills itself trying to scratch the itch |
|
|
Term
| In 2000, Great Britain found that over __% of (what animal by-product?) was contaminated with anthrax. |
|
Definition
| over 50% of bone meal imported into G.B. |
|
|
Term
| What diseases were discussed in class as being potential bioterrorism agents? |
|
Definition
-anthrax
-Foot and Mouth
-Rinderpest
-African Swine Fever
-Hog Cholera/Swine Fever |
|
|
Term
| What microbe causes anthrax? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacterium is B. anthracis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are grazing animals infected with anthrax? |
|
Definition
| ingesting contaminated soil or forage |
|
|
Term
| Mechanical vectors of anthrax? |
|
Definition
-hay mite moves spores from contaminated forage to confined animals
-carrion eaters |
|
|
Term
| Areas of the US where anthrax is endemic are called __ __. What can't take place in these spots? |
|
Definition
-anthrax belts
-grazing, planting, or harvesting |
|
|
Term
| States mentioned in class that have endemic anthrax? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can anthrax be spread? |
|
Definition
-hay mite
-flooding
-bone meal
-inhalation/ingestion of spores
-spores in wound
-grazing
-harvesting |
|
|
Term
| What does anthrax look like under the microscope? |
|
Definition
| purple (Gm+) chains of rods |
|
|
Term
| What disease did anthrax used to cause in humans in the 1930s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do anthrax-infected animals shed the bacterium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What NOT to do with a carcass you suspect has anthrax: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to collect samples from a suspect anthrax carcass? |
|
Definition
-needle, amputated tail or ear
*wear a mask or Hazmat suit!!!** |
|
|
Term
| Anthrax prevents what from happening in the body? |
|
Definition
| prevents blood from clotting |
|
|
Term
| What should you do with the carcass of an anthrax+ animal? |
|
Definition
"Burn or Bury"
-if burying, cover with lime and pack down soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -bloody diarrhea that leads to death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Fusobacterium necrophorum
-Bacteroides melaninogenicus |
|
|
Term
| Another term for foot rot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polioencephalomalacia is caused by what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another name for pinkeye in cows? |
|
Definition
| Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis |
|
|
Term
| How is pinkeye in cattle spread? |
|
Definition
| facefly Musca autumnalis spreads the bacterium Moraxella bovis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-small litters (absorb fetus)
-infertility
-death
*possibility at the farm we visited? |
|
|
Term
| What is metritis? (not a typo for mastitis) |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the uterus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mastitis, metritis, agalactia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Dr. Stein's story about the young couple who had a pig farm, what disease did their pigs end up having? How did they get it? |
|
Definition
-TGE (transmissible gastroenteritis)
-tires on feed delivery truck |
|
|
Term
| Other names for Foot and Mouth Disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What animals can get FMD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which non-zoonotic diseases is the US free of? |
|
Definition
-Foot and Mouth since the 1920s
-Hog Cholera |
|
|
Term
| What sort of microbe causes FMD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do animals contract FMD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oropharyngeal infection within days of infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-tongue, lip, gum, coronary band lesions
-thick, ropey saliva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-thick, ropey saliva contaminates everything
-all meat and tissue products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prohibited substances that are not supposed to be fed to livestock |
|
|
Term
| What is the coronary band? |
|
Definition
| area where hoof meets skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 100% if not nursed heavily - mouth ulcers take 4-6mo to heal |
|
|
Term
| What to do in event of FMD outbreak? |
|
Definition
| cull every single animal, whether or not it's infected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viral disease of ruminants currently confined to Central/South America, Africa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viral disease of swine currently confined to Africa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-viral disease of swine
-causes debilitating losses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-106-108 fever
-large purple skin blotches on abdomen |
|
|
Term
| Primary route of infection of Hog Cholera to naive swine? |
|
Definition
| feeding pork scraps and tissues from infected swine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deer, elk, moose, caribou, reindeer, red deer (wapiti) |
|
|
Term
| IL considers livestock to include: |
|
Definition
| cattle, goats, bison, Cervidae, ratites, horses, swine, sheep, poultry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emus, kiwis, cassowaries, rheas, ostriches |
|
|
Term
| What animals do not have any health requirements to be imported into IL? |
|
Definition
-llamas
-antelope
-hedgehog
-cat |
|
|
Term
| What livestock animals are affected by scabies? What mite causes this? |
|
Definition
-cattle and sheep
-Psoroptes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Humans can't get it from animals, but humans easily transmit it to animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plate, tube, card (usu. agglutination) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ID must all cattle have in regards to Brucellosis? |
|
Definition
| metal ear tag - Bangs tag |
|
|
Term
| What 3 diseases are tested for when importing livestock into IL? |
|
Definition
| Brucellosis, PRV/Pseudorabies, TB |
|
|
Term
| Indications of a possible bio-warfare attack: |
|
Definition
-unusual disease entity for area or unusual combos of disease
-apparent aerosol transmission
-high morbidity/mortality
-sentinel dead animals of multiple species
...others on handout |
|
|
Term
| Possible bacterial biowarfare agents: |
|
Definition
-anthrax
-tularemia
-plague
-Brucellosis
-Q fever |
|
|
Term
| Possible viral biowarfare agents: |
|
Definition
-smallpox
-equine encephalitis
-hemorrhagic fevers
-FMD |
|
|
Term
| Possible toxins as biowarfare agents: |
|
Definition
-Staph enterotoxin B
-Ricin
-Botulinum toxins
-Trichothecene mycotoxins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| new Brucellosis vaccine for heifers/cows- the old one could infect humans via needle stick |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Certificate of Vet Inspection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cosignor = owner/seller
cosignee = buyer |
|
|
Term
| What form do pets need to fly on a plane? |
|
Definition
| Health Certificate for Pets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pulmonary form:
-cold-like at first
-dyspnea -> shock
Cutaneous form:
-raised bump at first
-ulcers, necrosis
-acute death / bleeding from orifices
Intestinal form:
-V/D
-abdominal pain |
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|
