Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Zoonoses Test 1
UTCVM Spring 2014
155
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
03/03/2014

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
An FSIS vet is ultimately looking for "___________" when assessing a carcass
Definition
wholesomeness
Term
Three main things to consider about a lesion/disease when "diagnosing" at a slaughterhouse
Definition
Is it Dangerous? Systemic? Does it Gross you out?
Term
What's an exception to the "must be inspected" antemortem rule even though still can't be used for human food?
Definition
Emergency Slaughter for humane reasons
Term
In what industry is it just impossible to inspect every individual
Definition
Poultry
Term
What is a red tag
Definition
condemned live animal
Term
What is silver tag
Definition
suspected live animal
Term
What is a blue tag
Definition
retained carcass
Term
What is cutoff high body temp in a ruminant to condemn a live animal..... how about in swine?
Definition
105; 106
Term
What do you do if an antemortem exam shows too high a temp?
Definition
wait 24hrs check again
Term
Roughly what percent of antemortem condemnations occur in cattle?
Definition
~ 0.5%
Term
An antemorten exam reveals abnormal temp, rapid breathing, tremors, and petechial hemorrhages. This animal will most likely be condemned due to:
Definition
septicemia
Term
With emaciated animals, they could be condemned if due to:
Definition
systemic disease
Term
Cancer eye makes and animal automatically what color tag?
Definition
Silver: suspect
Term
With an antemortem exam revealing an animal with lumpy jaw or wooden tongue, you often only have to condemn the head. What OTHER organ will determine if whole carcass is condemned??
Definition
Lungs
Term
An Orf carcass looks nasty. Is it condemned?
Definition
Actually no.
Term
Post mortem lesions are classified as systemic or local. Where does jaundice fall?
Definition
local- one organ= liver
Term
Clostridium chauvei, Circovirsues, and Erysipelothrix all cause postmortem lesions classified as (Acute/Chronic) and (Local/Widespread)
Definition
Acute Widespread
Term
Even though jaundice can be due only to localized liver disease, carcass always condemned... why?
Definition
secondary effects on tissue... ewww
Term
What are four main steps/procedures that encompass an "organoleptic" postmortem exam to determine if something is too gross for eating?
Definition
Visual exam, Olfactory exam, Palpation, Incision (bread loafing)
Term
What do you do to meat to make sure there aren't any funky smells in it?
Definition
Boil test
Term
Agent responsible for liver abscesses in cattle
Definition
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Term
What are the Specified Risk Material (SRMs) that cannot be used for human food due to BSE?
Definition
Pretty much any CNS material plus vertebral column
Term
What's blood splash?
Definition
contraction of muscle post stun-->push blood out capillaries--> pools in tissue if not immediately bled
Term
What would you test for in a milk fever cow to possibly condemn whole carcass?
Definition
acetone smell
Term
In an animal with yellow fat, need to distinguish between these two causes where on of them will get a carcass condemned
Definition
(Icterus), Carotenosis
Term
What causes white spotty liver?
Definition
Ascaris suum
Term
With eosinophilic myositis do you condemn the whole carcass?
Definition
no- cut out bad stuff
Term
What state might your beef come from ( according to French)
Definition
Nebraska
Term
The over 1000 rough riders died because of _________.
Definition
"embalmed beef"
Term
Teddy Roosevelt testified he would have rather eaten his old hat than ________.
Definition
"embalmed beef"
Term
what pivotal book caused a very quick change in meat processing?
Definition
The Jungle
Term
A demand for federal meat inspection was in part economically driven b/c countries had put ________ on the US in part due to presence of these three diseases in livestock
Definition
Export Restrictions; Trichinella, TB, contagious pleuropneumonia
Term
President Theodore Roosevelt signed the Federal Meat Inspection Act of
Definition
1907
Term
The _________ Act was made in 19-- and required all meat in the US to be inspected
Definition
Wholesome Meat Act (WMA) 1967
Term
What country dominates in importing meat to the US
Definition
Canada
Term
______ are exempt from the Wholesome Meat Act because of the ____ Amendment
Definition
Custom Plants; Curtis Amendment
Term
A year after the WMA; a similar act was made to include _____, and called the:
Definition
poultry; Wholesome Poultry Products Act 1968
Term
What year was first humane slaughter act passed?
Definition
1958
Term
The ________ act in 19-- required only humane methods of slaughter.
Definition
Humane Methods of Slaughter Act 1978
Term
If a facility does not abide by humane slaughter methods, what does the inspector attach to it?
Definition
US Reject Tag
Term
What % of raw meat must be in a product for it to fall under FSIS guidelines
Definition
3
Term
What % of cooked meat must be in a product for it to fall under FSIS guidelines
Definition
2
Term
Maximum % total fat in ground beef
Definition
30
Term
Maximum % total water added to ground beef
Definition
0
Term
What can be labele as "meat by-product"
Definition
nothing- must be specific
Term
Cheek meat is allowed up to ____% in ground beef w/o being declared in the product
Definition
25
Term
What are the 6 essential label features
Definition
Name of Product, Ingredient Statement, ID Manufacturer, Net Weight, Inspection Legend, Warning Statement
Term
BHA can be in a product up to ____% w/o being declared
Definition
.02
Term
Can say something is a natural flavor as long as (three things are met):
Definition
1. no nutritional component 2. nothing from an animal 3. no health concerns associated
Term
Term for when poultry has been at least allowed access to outside
Definition
Free Range/Roaming
Term
chemical free can be used on a label when?
Definition
NEVER!
Term
Kosher meats are from cloven animals that _____
Definition
chew their cud
Term
What do you measure in mechanically separated meat to make sure there wasn't too much bone in there?
Definition
calcium
Term
Natural means that _____ not added and must then say_____.
Definition
artificial ingredients; explanation of the use of the term
Term
We use hormones in which industry
Definition
beef
Term
Four ways condemned products can be decharacterized or destroyed
Definition
Denaturants, Hashers, Rendering, Incineration
Term
Title 9 code of federal regulations
Definition
not sure what we need to know about em but he said we need to know it
Term
What % of cargo containers that enter the US every year are inspected?
Definition
3-5
Term
How many cargo containers make it to US every year
Definition
11,000,000
Term
Which of the following foods consumed in US contain highest percentage of imported foods?

Fresh Fruit out of season ( in winter)
Orange Juice
Seafood
Definition
seafood- 75%
Term
Which mode of transport for importation of food is the most vulnerable for slipping past inspection or potential adulteration
Definition
sea
Term
What drug has been found in ground beef destined for schools... and more than once!
Definition
cocaine
Term
What chemical was added into pet food and baby formula to give an appearance of elevated protein
Definition
Melamine
Term
Is botulism a food born infection or intoxication
Definition
intoxication
Term
What need to occur to define a food born illness as a food born infection?
Definition
multiplication of organism inside host ( whether just in gut or get through the gut)
Term
Which manifests clinical signs very quickly- food born infection or intoxication
Definition
intoxication
Term
Which usually has a fever associated with is- food born infection or intoxication
Definition
infection
Term
Whatis the most common Bacteria responsible for food born illness in the US
Definition
Salmonella
Term
What two types of C. botulinum cause sickness in home canning?
Definition
A, B
Term
What food born illness has onset 12-72 hrs and causes double vision and flaccid paralysis?
Definition
botulism
Term
What temperature (F) under pressure do you need to kill C. botulinum
Definition
240-250
Term
infant botulism is a food born (infection/toxication) from ingestion of ________.
Definition
infection; honey
Term
Food born illness from C. perfrigens infection or inoxication
Definition
intoxication
Term
food born illness onset 8-16 hrs severe abd cramps watery diarrhea
Definition
C perfringens
Term
food poisoning from a buffet most likely due to:
Definition
C perfringens
Term
Food born illness from Staph aureus infection or inoxication
Definition
intoxication
Term
food born illness onset 1-6 hrs - explosions from both ends. Shouldn't have eaten the egg salad: what's the agent?
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
Term
HACCP stands for
Definition
Hazard analysis and critical control points
Term
What is the maximum contminant level (MCL) for coliforms in potable water?
Definition
0
Term
What is temp and time duration for a high temp short time pasteurization?
Definition
161 F , 15 sec
Term
When dehydrating for preservation, you want and aw less than minmum water for microbial growth which is:
Definition
0.62
Term
Smoking meat has two beneficial effects:
Definition
Anti-microbial covering; tenderizing
Term
Food additives increase shelf life through two main basic mechanisms:
Definition
Decrease water activity or reduce pH
Term
No food poisoning bacteria are able to grow at a pH less than:
Definition
4.5
Term
Why is irradiation not used more
widely for meat and meat
products?
Definition
i dont know but please tell me- it was on her slide
Term
Main contamination of concern in jerky?
Definition
biological
Term
List the top four bacteria in order that contribute to food-born illness
Definition
Salmonella, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus aureus
Term
Prefer high body temps of birds so commonly infects them (w/o clinical signs, however)
Definition
Campylobacter jejuni
Term
food born pathogen that is normal in gut of food producing animals
Definition
Campylobacter jejuni
Term
47% of raw chicken breasts were positive for this in 2005... vomit
Definition
Campylobacter jejuni
Term
How many cells are needed for a Campylobacter infection?
Definition
500
Term
Infection of this organism can result in an autoimmune disorder: Guillain-Barre
Definition
Campylobacter jejuni
Term
Cook poultry to this temp, please
Definition
165
Term
Foodborn pathogen that is a reportable disease
Definition
Listeria
Term
Foodborn pathogen that has two forms: GI only, or invasive with septicemia and meningitis
Definition
Listeria
Term
incubation for severe form o this pathogen takes up to 2-6
Definition
Listeria
Term
Drink raw milk, then get meningitis.. why?
Definition
Listeria
Term
Multistate outbreak of this pathogen in cantaloupes
Definition
Listeria
Term
Organism doesn't need to grow in food prior to consumption, on set in up to 72 hrs, and symptoms will persist up to a WEEK
Definition
Salmonella
Term
agent has 6 pathogenic strains in humans
Definition
E. coli
Term
most virulent type of E. coli
Definition
Enterohemorrhagic (ETEC)
Term
most common strain of EHEC
Definition
E. coli 0157:H7
Term
In 2006 there was an outbreak of ______ in spinach sourced from a particular field
Definition
E. coli 0157:H7
Term
Immunoassays for shigatoxins in feces
Definition
E. coli 0157:H7
Term
Can cause uremic syndrome in children
Definition
E. coli 0157:H7
Term
Hemorrhagic diarrhea for four days
Definition
E. coli 0157:H7
Term
An infrequent cause of food born illness- can survive freezing for extended periods of time and persists longer in COOKED foods
Definition
Yersinia enterocolitica
Term
Need a huge load of organisms ( 1x 10^9) to cause infection
Definition
Yersinia enterocolitica
Term
Food born illness that may be misdiagnosed as crohns or appendicitis
Definition
Yersinia enterocolitica
Term
Q fever is caused by:
Definition
Coxellia burnetii
Term
Extremely pathogenic Extremely hardy intracellular obligate pathogen can be spread even through inhalation
Definition
Coxellia burnetii
Term
Goat herders at higher risk for this pathogen; causes horrible sweat, aches and extremely high fever with post- recovery persistent symptoms
Definition
Coxellia burnetii
Term
Chronic form of this infection can be usually manifested as an endocarditis
Definition
Coxellia burnetii
Term
Definitive dx can only occur after a week from beginning of illness
Definition
Coxellia burnetii
Term
Prevention is key in properly dealing with pregnant/birthing goats and pasteurizing milk
Definition
Coxellia burnetii
Term
Grade A raw milk must be cooled to ____degrees or less within two hours of milking
Definition
45
Term
Grade A raw milk must not have a bacterial count of ______/mL and a somatic cell count of ________/mL
Definition
100,000 ; 750,000
Term
Grade A pasteurized milk must not have a bacterial count of ______/mL and particularly coliforms no more than ________/mL
Definition
10,000 ; 10
Term
Grade B (Manufacturer grade) raw milk has same standards as Grade A except:
Definition
somatic cell can be up to 1,000,000
Term
Grade B (manufacturer grade) cannot be used for fluids, but can be used for:
Definition
cheese and other stuff
Term
Who revises the PMO (Pasteurized Milk Ordinance) every year?
Definition
FDA and National Conference on Interstate Milk Shipments (NCIMS)
Term
Which aflatoxin metabolic product is tested for in milk plant inspections
Definition
M1
Term
Presence of which antibiotic is tested for in milk
Definition
beta lactams
Term
Failure to properly separate treated from un treated cows on a dairy farm is the most common cause of _____
Definition
residues in milk
Term
What two things are done to milk samples when arrive at plant
Definition
smelled, tested for ABs
Term
Eight main steps of milk processing:
Definition
1. Filtration 2. Separation 3. Standardization 4. Pasteurization 5. Flow Diversion Valve 6. Homogenization 7. Deaeration 8. Refrigeration
Term
Seafood inspection is performed by which government organization?
Definition
FDA
Term
A ubiquitous anaerobe in aquatic environments- causes fish ulcers
Definition
Aeromonas
Term
Mycobacteria cause granulomas where in fish?
Definition
all over
Term
This pathogen of fish is so slow growing it takes 6-8 weeks to culture and as a result dx mostly with PCR
Definition
Mycobacteria
Term
Causes "Fish Tank Granuloma" in aquarium workers. Why does it usually stay on periphery ( like hands)?
Definition
Mycobacteria; likes the cooler temperature
Term
this aquatic pathogen genus associated with increasing water temps
Definition
Vibrio
Term
Haiti had a huge outbreak of this particular species due to water contamination. This can be fatal to healthy indv
Definition
Vibrio cholera
Term
Normal flora of shellfish- wont worry if ya cook 'em
Definition
Vibrio parahemolyticus
Term
Flooding in new orleans and people with cuts caused an outbreak of this aquatic pathogen causing necrotizing fasciitis. If ingested will prob die. Also in shellfish
Definition
Vibrio vulnificus
Term
There have been recent cases with this organism and disease with canned fish
Definition
Clostridium botulinum
Term
Virus assoc with poor sanitation and can accumulate in shellfish.
Definition
Hep A
Term
Virus partly responsible for employees requiring WASHING HANDS
Definition
Hep A
Term
Poor sanitation in developing countries are reasons to vaccinate yourself before traveling there!!
Definition
Hep A
Term
Cruise ship or day care virus
Definition
Norovirus
Term
Vomiting/Diarrhea of winter. "Parvo of people"
Definition
Norovirus
Term
Virus responsible for 50% food born illnesses
Definition
Norovirus
Term
Two toxins that make up 40% of fish born illness
Definition
Scrombotoxin, Ciguatoxin
Term
Histamine Fish Poisoning
Definition
Scrombotoxin
Term
Caused by spoilage of fish- no sign of disease in fish but bad for humans- not terribly common- but more commonly from caribbean
Definition
Scrombotoxin
Term
Marine toxin from tropical reef fish and produced by dinoflagellates
Definition
Ciguatoxin
Term
Less likely to get sick from this marine toxin by eating smaller fish
Definition
Ciguatoxin
Term
Marine toxin causing hallucination and nightmares
Definition
Ciguatoxin
Term
What are in algal blooms that are toxic to wildlife and people
Definition
several toxins
Term
Poisoning assoc with red tide dinoflagellate in shellfish
Definition
Paralytic shellfish poisoning
Term
Toxic poisoning from shellfish produced by Karenia brevis
Definition
Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning
Term
Domoic acid is a toxin that produces this poisoning from shellfish- uncommon in people. Mostly out west
Definition
Amnesic shellfish poisoning
Term
European problem with Okadaic acid in shellfish- often mistaken for a bacterial contamination
Definition
Diarrheic shellfish poisoning
Term
Irradiation is prob not helpful for seafood- why?
Definition
Most toxins wont be destroyed
Term
how do get extra credit
Definition
get food label with animal product and label 1-6 on required label parts. Second thing is to go to knox county health department and look up health score of a restaurant and print out health report of last 8-10 inspections
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