Term
|
Definition
1. new infection resulting from evolution or change of existing pathogen
2. known infection spreading to new geographic area or population OR
3. previously unrecognized pathogenic agent or Dz diagnosed for first time and which has a significant impact on animal or public health |
|
|
Term
| The 3 ways a zoonotic Dz can transmit to a person: |
|
Definition
-directly
-from animal products
-vector |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Human-to-human transmission of a zoonosis is common. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a vector-borne disease? |
|
Definition
| disease in which pathogenic microorganism is transmitted from an infected individual to another individual by a vector (arthropod or other agent) |
|
|
Term
| Transmission of a zoonosis depends upon the attributes and requirements of at least 3 living organisms, which are: |
|
Definition
-the pathogen
-the vector
-the human host |
|
|
Term
| Factors influencing the emergence of infectious diseases: |
|
Definition
-population growth
-deforestation
-expansion of human populations into previously uninhabited forested and suburban areas
-climate change
-speed/ease of travel
-pet trade / animal products
-dam building (changes ecosystem)
-war and social disruptions (refugee camps, etc)
-pathogen evolution |
|
|
Term
| What is the "yellow belt"? |
|
Definition
| Area around the equator in which Yellow Fever typically occurs (because of heat, mosquito vector, monkey reservoir), which will probably increase northward with climate change. |
|
|
Term
| How does climate change affect the transmission of WNV? |
|
Definition
| warm temps = longer season for mosquito vector |
|
|
Term
| What is the vector for Dengue Fever and Yellow Fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mosquito vector for Dengue and Yellow Fever |
|
|
Term
| In 2009 there was an outbreak of ____ in Florida. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Deforestation and urbanization increase our contact with... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is there a vaccine for Yellow Fever? Dengue Fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vector was found in California in the summer of 2013? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Book which talked about the link between animal health and human health? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| domesticated and/or wild animals that harbor a pathogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| host in which the pathogen reaches sexual maturity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any non-human organism that can react to an environmental contaminant before the contaminant impacts people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| # of seropositive individuals in a population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most severe pathogens based on how easily they spread, kill, and cause panic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Case Fatality Rate
-proportion of infected animals that die from a disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased proportion of resistant individuals decreases the susceptible population |
|
|
Term
| Sentinel species are used as indicators of epidemics as well as ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Prion diseases are not zoonotic. |
|
Definition
| Maybe?! haven't yet made a direct link between vCJD and BSE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis |
|
|
Term
| "Mad Cow Disease" is more formally called what? |
|
Definition
| Bovine Spongiform Encephalitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| varient Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease |
|
|
Term
| What type of virus is rabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Of the people who survived rabies, most were ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is rabies transmitted? |
|
Definition
-saliva from raccoon, skunk, cat, dog, etc
-aerosolized bat excrement (rare) |
|
|
Term
| CS of rabies in animals? people? |
|
Definition
Animals: behavior changes, paralysis, death
People: dysphagia, paralysis, death nearly 100% in 2-10 days |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"contagious ecthyma"
"sore mouth" |
|
|
Term
| What type of virus is Orf? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-contact with lesions of sheep or goats
-crusts/scabs can remain infective in environment for years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vaccinate sheep and goats |
|
|
Term
| CS of Orf in animals? humans? |
|
Definition
Goats/Sheep: papules around mouth/lips that crust, scab off
People: chicken-pox type lesions on fingers, hands, face, and arms that can last 6 wks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis |
|
|
Term
| What type of virus is LCM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-bites from mouse/hamster/other rodent
-fecal/urine contact
-organ transmission (donor had pet hamster) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| house mouse (Mus musculis) and possibly other wild mice |
|
|
Term
| CS of LCM in animals? people? |
|
Definition
Rodents: asymptomatic
People: flu-like, can develop into meningitis (<1% fatality) |
|
|
Term
| What disease is under-reported due to lack of awareness, despite there having been historical outbreaks in research and pets? |
|
Definition
| LCM - Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis |
|
|
Term
| The CDC started an awareness program particularly for rodent breeders to inform them about what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of virus is WNV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passerines (American robin and house sparrows = super spreaders) |
|
|
Term
| What is a "super spreader"? |
|
Definition
| host that disproportionately infects secondary contacts compared to other hosts infected with the same pathogen |
|
|
Term
| What are the "super spreaders" for WNV? |
|
Definition
| American robin, house sparrow; cardinal too |
|
|
Term
| What disease was discovered in the US by a Bronx Zoo vet in 1999? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mosquito (Culex pipiens in IL) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mosquito species that acts as vector for WNV in IL |
|
|
Term
| What disease has caused tens of thousands of animal deaths, including birds, horses, and many native and exotic species? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-flu-like symptoms which resolve
-may have persistent fatigue
-neuroinvasive form: encephalitis, meningitis, paralysis, death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| susceptible / immune / recovered or removed |
|
|
Term
| Birds have exhibited antibody decay to what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of virus is avian flu? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease killed 20-40 million people globally including 675,000 Americans? |
|
Definition
| 1918 Pandemic "Spanish Flu" |
|
|
Term
| Avian Flu is very similar to the Influenzavirus A that affects what species? |
|
Definition
| humans, pigs, horses, dogs |
|
|
Term
antigenic drift
VS
antigenic shift |
|
Definition
drift: point mutations
shift:
-subtype reassortment
-transfer of whole virus into new host
-re-emergence of previous virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-epizootic in poultry
-sporadic human cases |
|
|
Term
| Requirements for an epidemic: |
|
Definition
1. new disease emerges in species with little to no immunity
2. pathogen must reproduce in that species
3. sustainable transmission in new species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-epizootic in poultry in China
-470 human cases (rare person-to-person)
-60% case fatality rate in people |
|
|
Term
| Why are swine considered a "mixing vessel" for Influenzavirus A? |
|
Definition
-they can get swine flu, bird flu, and people flu
-viruses may mix inside |
|
|
Term
| 4 hemorrhagic viruses from the PP: |
|
Definition
Hantavirus
Lassa
Marburg
Ebola |
|
|
Term
| What type of virus is Hantavirus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
HPS
-what does it stand for?
-causative agent?
-where does it occur?
-symptoms? |
|
Definition
-Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
-Hantavirus
-US
-flu-like, rapid progression to respiratory failure, usually fatal (38% mortality) |
|
|
Term
HFRS
-what does it stand for?
-causitive agent?
-where does it occur? |
|
Definition
-Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
-Hantavirus
-Asia
-no symptoms listed on PP |
|
|
Term
| What disease is named after a river which runs between North and South Korea? |
|
Definition
Hantavirus- HFRS
Haantan River
-during Korean war, 1000s died from it |
|
|
Term
| Disease that had an outbreak in 1993 in the "Four Corners" area of the US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many cases per year are there of HFRS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reservoir for Hantavirus: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Hantavirus transmitted? |
|
Definition
| aerosol of dried mouse feces/urine/saliva |
|
|
Term
| What type of virus is Lassa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Lassa transmitted? |
|
Definition
-aerosolized virus
-direct contact |
|
|
Term
| What disease is the cause of 100,000-300,000 cases of febrile illness every year in West Africa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most frequently imported Arenavirus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemorrhagic viruses have a characteristic shape to them called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of virus is Marburg? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Marburg transmitted? |
|
Definition
-direct contact
-possibly insect routes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -acute = flu-like leading to hemorrhagic fever, V/D leading to DIC, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| What diseases are highly fatal in humans and NHPs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of virus is Ebola? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Ebola transmitted? |
|
Definition
-direct contact
-possibly insect routes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-acute = flu-like leading to hemorrhagic fever
-V/D leading to DIC, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| What human behaviors in Africa can make it difficult to stop the spread of Ebola? |
|
Definition
-people want to care for the sick in their homes = contact with tissues, fluids
-want to wash body before burial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
***all aerosolized***
-Lassa
-Marburg
-Ebola
-Anthrax
-Q-fever
-Brucellosis
-Pneumonic Plague
-Tularemia |
|
|
Term
| What disease was first discovered in 1967 in Germany, when researching working with African Green Monkeys became ill and died? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease has several subtypes including Reston and Sudan, named for the location in which they were identified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mange:
-causitive agent?
-transmission
-what happens to people with it? |
|
Definition
-Sarcoptes scabiei
-direct contact with animal
-self-limiting in people |
|
|
Term
| What is the non-zoonotic form of TB? |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| 3% of captive Asian elephants in the US are infected with _____ which they caught from humans. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is M. tuberculosis transmitted? |
|
Definition
| aerosol transmission from people |
|
|
Term
| What is a "reverse zoonosis"? Which diseases did we learn about that fit this category? |
|
Definition
| -disease spread to animals from humans -Mycobacterium tuberculosis; and M. bovis (also a zoonosis) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the disease process of TB: |
|
Definition
-cell-mediated hypersensitivity contains replication within lung and lymph node granulomas
-reactivation esp. if immuno-compromised |
|
|
Term
| An estimated 1/3 of the world's population has what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the zoonotic forms of TB? |
|
Definition
Mycobacterium bovis (cattle)
M. avium-intracellulare (birds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium Avium-Intracellulare |
|
|
Term
| How is M. bovis transmitted? |
|
Definition
-ingestion of unpasteurized milk
-aerosol
-reverse zoonosis to cattle |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Person-to-person transmission of M. bovis is uncommon. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How to treat M. bovis in cattle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| broad host range including environmental |
|
|
Term
| What are the two species of MAC? How do they differ? |
|
Definition
M. avium avium (serious in AIDS pts)
M. avium paratuberculosis
-Johne's disease in cattle (pronounced Yo-Knees)
-Chrohns disease in humans, possibly |
|
|
Term
| What pathogen is possibly the cause of Chrohn's disease in humans? |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common zoonosis in the world? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Leptospirosis:
-causitive agent?
-transmission
-CS in animals
-CS in people |
|
Definition
-Leptospira (spirochete)
-direct: shed in urine of multiple spp, indirect: environmental
-animals: icterus, bloody diarrhea, renal failure
-people: mild (non-specific CS) and severe form (multi-organ failure and meningitis) |
|
|
Term
| What sort of environment does Leptospira require? |
|
Definition
| cannot live in dry enviros, requires high humidity |
|
|
Term
Lyme Disease
-causitive agent
-vector
-symptoms in animals |
|
Definition
-Borrelia burgdorferi (spirochete)
-deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis)
-usu. dog/horse/cattle: lameness, lymphadenitis, rash at tick site |
|
|
Term
| Common and scientific name of the Lyme Disease vector? |
|
Definition
deer tick
Ixodes scapularis |
|
|
Term
| T/F: Dogs respond poorly to antibiotic Tx for Lyme disease. |
|
Definition
| FALSE- they respond well to Abx |
|
|
Term
| What disease has the most cases in the Northeast, North-Central, and West coast states? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Early Lyme disease symptoms: |
|
Definition
-erythema migrans appears at site of tick bite 7-10d in 90% symptomatic infections
-EM starts as red papule, expands over days to target-like lesion
-systemic: fever, myalgia, arthralgia, malaise, headache, stiff neck, lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
| Transmission of Borrelia requires ____ hours of tick attachment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Lyme disease symptoms: |
|
Definition
3-5 wks after infection
-facial nerve palsy
-dizziness
-syncope (fainting)
-chest pain
-palpitations
-dyspnea
-uveitis
-meningitis |
|
|
Term
| Late Lyme disease symptoms: |
|
Definition
weeks - months after infection
-asymmetric arthritis: large joints, esp. knee, only moderate tenderness
-may not respond to Abx in 10% adults and <5% children, then AI mechanisms of arthritis likely
-CNS: encephalitis, encephalopathy, polyneuropathy (periph. nerve damage) |
|
|
Term
| Causative agent/s of Visceral Larva Migrans? |
|
Definition
| Toxocara or Baylisascaris (roundworms) |
|
|
Term
Toxocariasis
-transmission
-CS in animals
-CS in people |
|
Definition
-fecal-oral
-Animals: pot-belly pups, spaghetti-like worms vomited or in poop
-People: cough, wheezing, abdominal pain, strabismus, blindness |
|
|
Term
Echinococcus
-human infection is called what?
-definitive host?
-transmission?
-ova? |
|
Definition
-hydatidosis
-carnivores
-fecal-oral
-indistinguishable from (????taenia or all cestodes? not sure) |
|
|
Term
| Hydatidosis is fatal in __% of cases. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Toxoplasmosis:
-causative agent?
-definitive/reservoir host?
-how does above species get it?
-how do they transmit it?
-what humans are particularly at risk? what happens to them if the get it? |
|
Definition
-Toxoplasma gondii (protozoa)
-feline
-cat eats infected mouse/bird prey
-burrows into cat SI, oocysts shed 2-3wks and usually never again
-fetuses: birth defects incl. blindness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chagas disease is related to what African disease? |
|
Definition
| African Sleeping Sickness, also caused by trypanosome |
|
|
Term
| Causative agent of Chagas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"kissing bug"
-can also get from contaminated food |
|
|
Term
| Factors affecting who gets Chagas: |
|
Definition
| -poverty, occupational (vet med), hunters |
|
|
Term
Chagas:
-aside from humans, what animal gets it?
-what are the CS signs in this animal and humans? |
|
Definition
-dogs
-Acute: flu-like with chagoma
-Indeterminant: asymptomatic for 5-40 years
-Chronic: organ failure (usu. heart)
-dogs at risk for sudden death(???) |
|
|
Term
| Causative agent of Listeriosis? Where is it found? |
|
Definition
-Listeria monocytogenes (Gm+ rod)
-in soil |
|
|
Term
| How is Listeria transmitted? |
|
Definition
| ingestion of contaminated food and dairy products = most common |
|
|
Term
| CS of Listeriosis in animals? people? |
|
Definition
Animals: encephalitis ("circling disease") and mastitis
People: mild flu-like symptoms or GI/fever or abortions or meningitis (often fatal) in immunocompromised |
|
|
Term
| What pathogen can replicate in the refrigerator, and thus often is transmitted to people in contaminated food and dairy products? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Another term for cutaneous anthrax? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cutaneous anthrax:
-causative agent?
-transmission?
-CS in people? |
|
Definition
-Bacillus anthracis (Gm+ rod)
-spores on animal products or soil; or fly bite (95% cases worldwide)
-skin pustules form blackened scabs; untreated leads to septicemia and death (fatality 5-20%) |
|
|
Term
| What form of anthrax has the highest survival rate? |
|
Definition
| cutaneous anthrax (5-20%) |
|
|
Term
| In order to get inhalation anthrax, one must inhale how many spores? |
|
Definition
| 2,500 - 55,000 spores for lethal inhalation dose |
|
|
Term
| When are ingestion anthrax outbreaks most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CS of ingestion anthrax in animals? |
|
Definition
-sudden death
-bleeding from orifices |
|
|
Term
| In Minnesota in 2000, a downer cow was approved for slaughter, and a family ate its well-cooked meat. They developed diarrhea, and more cows died before it was discovered that they had what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 phases of inhalation anthrax symptoms: |
|
Definition
1st: flu-like
2nd: dyspnea, bloody V/D, sepsis, death within 24-36 hrs (fatality 75-95%) |
|
|
Term
| Fatality rate of inhalation anthrax? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some animals with anthrax can survive, and the main indicator of their illness is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Never necropsy an animal if you suspect it has ____. |
|
Definition
| anthrax- will release spores |
|
|
Term
| How long does it take for inhalation anthrax to show clinical signs? |
|
Definition
| 60d, then the second phase is more rapid |
|
|
Term
| What is the causative agent of Q-Fever? |
|
Definition
| Coxiella burnetti (Gm- proteobacteria) |
|
|
Term
Q-Fever
-causative agent?
-reservoir?
-transmission?
-CS in animals?
-CS in people?
-How to prevent? |
|
Definition
-Coxiella burnetti
-sheep, cattle, and goats = most common
-aerosol (urine, feces, milk, parturient tissues); direct contact with tissues; ingestion
-Animals: subclinical or repro failure
-People: 50% subclinical, up to 50% flu-like symptoms incl. pneumonia; chronic form ; relapse in 50%
-hygiene, pasteurization |
|
|
Term
| What disease is subclinical in 50% of people, and in up to 50% people causes flu-like symptoms including pneumonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is there a vaccine for Q-fever? |
|
Definition
| Yes, but not approved in US. |
|
|
Term
| How long can Coxiella burnetti survive in the environment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other names for Brucellosis? |
|
Definition
Undulant fever
Malta fever
Bang's Disease |
|
|
Term
Brucellosis:
-causative agent?
-transmission?
-CS in animals?
-CS in people?
-how to eradicate? |
|
Definition
-Brucella (Gm- coccobacillus)
-direct contact, ingestion, inhalation
-Animals: abortion storms!!!, orchitis, lymphadenitis
-People: undulating fever, muscle/joint pain, lymphadenitis
-US has vacc program; pasteurization and hygiene |
|
|
Term
| The US has a vaccination program for _____ which consists of a live, attenuated vaccine. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pathogen likes high humidity and low temperature, and can survive in dust? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Brucellosis can be passed person-to-person. |
|
Definition
| TRUE- but rare; can be passed sexually, or by birth or nursing |
|
|
Term
| What sort of people are most likely to get Brucellosis? Why? |
|
Definition
| occupational disease so people who work closely with livestock |
|
|
Term
| What is the causative agent of RMSF? |
|
Definition
| Rickettsia rickettsi (Gm- coccobacillus) |
|
|
Term
| What pathogens are Gm- coccobacilli? |
|
Definition
Brucella
Rickettsia rickettsi
Yersinia pestis |
|
|
Term
| How long must a tick be attached to transmit RMSF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
RMSF:
-causitive agent?
-what does it stand for?
-vector?
-CS in Animals?
-CS in People? |
|
Definition
-Rickettsia rickettsi (Gm- coccobacillus)
-Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
-ticks (and possibly mites and fleas)
-Dogs: flu-like or severe: neurologic, bleeding, heart damage
-People: flu-like followed by rash and neuro/pulm/circulatory damage; high mortality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abx, but high mortality in people |
|
|
Term
| What is the causative agent of Black Death? |
|
Definition
| Yersinia pestis (Gm- coccobacillus) |
|
|
Term
| What disease killed over 1/3 the population of Europe, and 1/5 the population of England? |
|
Definition
| "Black Death" / plague / Yersinia pestis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-over 200 spp rodents (some get CS, some don't)
-rodents, lagomorphs = most common in US |
|
|
Term
| What animal is very susceptible to plague? |
|
Definition
| cats- fatal cases in pets, mountain lions, bobcats, etc |
|
|
Term
| ___% of all plague cases are in the form of ___ plague, making it the most common form. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CS of bubonic plague in people? |
|
Definition
-buboes (swollen, painful lymph nodes)
-flu-like symptoms
-toxemia
-petechiae
-cough with bloody sputum
-dypsnea |
|
|
Term
| Fatality rate of bubonic plague? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is plague transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What species can be sero + for plague, but does not develop symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Different forms of plague: |
|
Definition
-bubonic
-septicemic/purpura
-pneumonic |
|
|
Term
| CS of septicemic/purpura plague in people? How fatal is it? |
|
Definition
-epistaxis
-hematuria
-DIC
-tissue necrosis on extremities
-rapid progression, fatality 100% |
|
|
Term
| What is the least common form of plague? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Pneumonic plague cannot be spread human-to-human. |
|
Definition
| FALSE - it's the only plague that can spread this way, through close contact / inhalation |
|
|
Term
| CS of pneumonic plague in people? How fatal is it? |
|
Definition
-flu-like
-rapid progression to septicemia
-100% fatality |
|
|
Term
| Survival is very unlikely if treatment of pneumonic plague is not started within ___. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causative agent of Cat Scratch Disease? |
|
Definition
| Bartonella henselae (Gm- rod) |
|
|
Term
Cat Scratch Disease:
-reservoir?
-transmission?
-CS in animals?
-CS in people?
-Tx? |
|
Definition
-felids
-cat bites or scratches
-Animals: cats are asymptomatic
-People: lymphadenitis, abscess at lesion, fever, malaise, splenomegaly
-supportive care (difficult to eliminate with Abx) |
|
|
Term
| What zoonotic disease is also considered an emerging infectious disease in the US, causing 24,000 cases / year that are very difficult to eliminate with antibiotics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pathogen is found in every state but Hawaii, can survive in the environment, dead animals, and even frozen meat for over 3 years? |
|
Definition
| Francisella tularensis (Gm- rod) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is mostly likely to get Tularemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Tularemia transmitted? |
|
Definition
| aerosol, insect bite, direct contact, ingestion |
|
|
Term
| What are 6 the different types of Tularemia and how do they affect the body? |
|
Definition
flu-like in all
1. ulceroglandular: ulcers, swollen/painful LNs
2. glandular: LNs
3. oculoglandular: LNs, conjunctivitis
4. oropharyngeal: pharyngitis with pseudomembrane, diarrhea, GI bleeding
5. typhoidal: septicemia following other forms or inhalation, 30-60% fatality if untreated
6. pulmonary: pneumonia, inhalation, complications from other forms, 30-60% fatality if untreated |
|
|
Term
| What disease can mimic bubonic plague because it causes swollen, painful LNs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease can mimic diphtheria by causing pharyngitis with a pseudomembrane over the tonsils? How is it contracted? |
|
Definition
| Oropharyngeal Tularemia from eating contaminated rabbit |
|
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