Term
|
Definition
Bone marrow biopsy and
Transplantation.
*Bone grafting from iliac crest |
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Term
|
Definition
interspinous diameter
(not less than 9.5 cm) |
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Term
|
Definition
*Angle of Inclination
*Rickets and Osteomalacia
*Hip fracture due to osteoporosis in
elderly (fracture causes the person to fall).
*Congenital dislocation of the hip:
Common birth defect, more in female
infants.
Either the acetabulum fails to form
completely or the ligaments of the hip
joint are loose.
Treatment: splint or harness of straps to
hold femur in its proper position |
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Term
| Metatarsal stress fractures |
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Definition
As a result of repetitive stress
on foot.
2nd and 3rd metatarsals are
mostly affected
Treatment: rest and wearing
stiff or well cushioned shoes. |
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Term
|
Definition
Sciatic nerve is the thickest nerve of body.
*It is composed of Common Peroneal and
Tibial nerves.
*Com. Peroneal: composed of dorsal rami
Tibial: composed of ventral rami |
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Term
|
Definition
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4-L5).
Function: Abduction, medial rotation and flexion
of the thigh, protects the knee joint. |
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Term
|
Definition
Innervation: Inferior gluteal N. (L5- S2)
Function: powerful extensor of hip joint,
lateral rotator, active in rising, sitting, climbing |
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Term
|
Definition
Innervation: superior gluteal N. (L5-S1)
Function: Abduction, medial rotation of thigh,
It keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised. |
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Term
|
Definition
Innervation: superior gluteal N. (L5-S1)
Function: Abduction, medial rotation of thigh,
It keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is raised.
*Superior gluteal artery gives the blood supply
of these 2 muscles while the inf. Gluteal artery
gives the blood supply of gluteus maximus. |
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Term
|
Definition
The Trendelenburg gait is an abnormal gait caused by weakness of the abductor muscles of the lower limb, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. People with a lesion of superior gluteal nerve have weakness of abducting the thigh at the hip. This type of gait may also be seen in L5 radiculopathy and after poliomyelitis, but is then usually seen in combination with foot drop.
During the stance phase, the weakened abductor muscles allow the pelvis to tilt down on the opposite side. To compensate, the trunk lurches to the weakened side to attempt to maintain a level pelvis throughout the gait cycle. The pelvis sags on the opposite side of the lesioned superior gluteal nerve. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a gait characterized by exaggerated lateral trunk movements and hip elevations. It is observed in pregnancy and in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or progressive muscular dystrophy. |
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Term
|
Definition
Innervation: nerve to piriformis (sacral plexus)
S1-S2.
Function: lateral rotator and abductor of the
thigh, keeps femur head in acetabulum.
*The muscle may partially or totally be absent |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Innervation: N. to obturator internus (L5-S1)
function: lateral rotator of the thigh when
It is extended and, abductor of the thigh when
flexed. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Function as lateral rotators, are stronger than
medial rotators and control the balance***. |
|
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Term
| Superior gemellus, inferior gemellus |
|
Definition
Innerv, Sup. Gemellus: N. to Obturator int.
function: lateral rotator of the thigh when
It is extended and, abductor of the thigh when
flexed.
Innerv, inf. Gemellus: N. to quadratus femoris. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris
function: lateral rotator of the thigh when
It is extended and, abductor of the thigh when
flexed. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Posterior thigh muscles:
Hamstring muscles:
Long head of biceps, Semitendinous,
Semimembranous, Adductor mag (ischial part).
All innervated by tibial branch of sciatic nerve.
Charactristic of hamstring muscles:
2- innervated by tibial nerve
3- Flexors (strong) of the knee joint
4- Extensors (weak) of hip joint |
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Term
|
Definition
Innervation: long head: tibial N. (L5-S2)
short head: common peroneal nerve (S1-S2).
Function: Long head: extension at hip.
It is a flexor and lateral rotator at knee joint.
*Short head may be absent. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Function: extension at hip, flexion and medial
rotation at knee. Innervation: tibial Nerve (L5-S2). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Innervation: tibial N.,
Function: hip extensor, knee flexor, medial rotator |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Function: powerful adductor, lateral rotator
(part inserted to linea aspera), medial rotator
at knee joint. Extensor at hip joint,
Innervation: Tibial nerve to the part inserted
to linea aspera.
obturator nerve to the part inserted to adductor
tubercle (puberty and conception).
*Perforating arteries (3-4) usually pierce this
muscle from deep femoral artery in anterior
femoral region to posterior thigh region to
give blood to the dorsal muscles.
Adductor hiatus may be considered as the 5th
hiatus, its content: Popliteal artery and vein |
|
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Term
|
Definition
The Triceps Surae, consisting of Soleus (1),
Gastrocnemius (2) and Plantaris (3) muscles. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Active in hard and sustain motion (red fiber type).
tibial nerve (S1-S2 |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Active for fast movements (white fiber types)
tibial nerve (S1-S2). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
May disappear by evolution
tibial nerve (S1-S2).
Function: best plantar flexors, active in Walking. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
(calcaneal tendon) is the
most powerful tendon and important in walking. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Innervation: tibial nerve (L4-L5).
The tendon of all 3 muscle pass beneath
the Flexor retinaculum (13).
Function: all 3 are active in plantar flexion
and Supination of the foot. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Innervation: tibial nerve (S1-S2).
The tendon of all 3 muscle pass beneath
the Flexor retinaculum (13).
Function: all 3 are active in plantar flexion
and Supination of the foot. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Innervation: Tibial nerve (S1-S3).
*The tendon of all 3 muscle pass beneath
the Flexor retinaculum (13).
Function: all 3 are active in plantar flexion
and Supination of the foot. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Function: Flexion of the knee, unlocking
of the Knee joint, protection of lateral
meniscus.
Innervation: tibial nerve (L4- S1). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
has a long tendon.
*The tendon runs behind the lateral malleolus
Passing in tendon groove of cuboid bone
Superficial peroneal nerve (L5-S1). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Function: they are strongest pronator of the foot.
Superficial peroneal nerve (L5-S1). |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Inversion = Supenation; Eversion = Pronation |
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