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| Ethnic group indigenous to Hokkaido (traditionally known as Ezo.) |
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| A burial mound. Also the namesake of the last period in Japanese prehistory (300-552 C.E.) |
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| Terra-cotta clay figures buried with the dead (found in exhumed Kofun), they are ubiquitous archaeological items from the Kofun period. |
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| These reforms led by Emperor Tenchi and his aide Fujiwara-no-Kamatari starting in 645 C.E. transformed Japan into an Imperial political system modeled after China. |
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| Literally "closed country", this isolationist policy was instituted by Tokugawa Iemitsu and lasted from 1634-1854. |
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| A Feudal Lord, usually a samurai who is also a principle landowner (lit. "great name"). |
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| Chief Military officer of Japan. |
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| A tract of land (usually owned by Daimyo.) |
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| A police officer. Usually a Samurai tasked with enforcing the law over a particular Shoen. |
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| Land manager. Usually a Samurai tasked by his Daimyo with keeping track of goings-on in a given Shoen. |
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| Ritual suicide, Samurais are obligated by the Bushido code to commit this if they are defeated in order to prevent dishonor from falling upon their Uji (clan). |
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| An artificial island constructed in Nagasaki bay that allowed a strictlly limited amount of foreign trading ships (Chinese and Dutch) to dock at during the Sakoku isolationist policies. |
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| Horseback military warrior. |
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