Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union

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the name given to the events in which Hitler's Germany took control of Austria in 1938

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giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace

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an agreement to stop fighting

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someone from Northern Europe, especially someone with blond hair and blue eyes

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In Egypt, the British finally stopped the German advance during the long Battle. They then turned the tables on the Germans, driving the Axis forces back across Libya into Tunisia.

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Aug. 1941, Roosevelt & Churchill met on a warship in the Atlantic in which the 2 leaders set goals for the war (such as "the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny") and for the postwar world

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June 4-7, 1942 (6 months after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor); The United States discovers Japan's intended trap at the Midway Atoll and instead the U.S. ambushes the Japanese and they suffer heavy losses and never really recover from this counter-attack

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a major tuning point in the Soviet Union, and one of the costliest of the war; In 1942, Hitler was determined to take Stalin's namesake city & Stalin was equally determined not to let it fall; the Soviets end up encircling their attackers and the Germans finally surrender in Jan. 1943

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Dec. 1944 - Jan 1945; Germany launches its last massive counterattack of WWII, and there were great losses on both sides; the U.S. suffers the most casualties here out of all the WWII battles: 19,000 dead: Germany holds off Allied advance for about 6 week but eventually loses their foothold

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June 1948 - May 1949, during the Cold War, Stalin tries to completely control Berlin, even though it was occupied and divided by all 4 victorious Allies, by sealing off every railroad and highway into the Western sectors of the city. Western powers responded to the blockade by supplying West Berliners with food and fuel via cargo planes for more than a year - and the Soviets end their blockade but tensions between the countries grows deeper

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Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin

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"lightning war", where Hitler used improved tank & airpower technology to strike a devastating blow against the enemy

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this unfriendly relationship between the US and the Soviet Union after the Second World War

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June 6, 1944; Allies invade France; 176,000 troops land on the beaches of Normandy

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Adolf Hitler's plan to remove Jewish people from Europe by killing them all

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a town in the Basque area of northern Spain, which was destroyed by bombs dropped by German aircraft in 1937, during the Spanish Civil War.

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the emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974, who is remembered especially for having modernized his country

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Sept. 1938, British & French persuaded the Czechs to surrender the Sudetenland to Hitler

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a city in Japan which was destroyed in 1945 during World War II, when a U.S. nuclear bomb was dropped on it, killing very many people

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Japanese pilots who undertook suicide missions, crashing their explosive-laden airplanes into American warships

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money paid by a defeated country after a war (ex. Germany), for all the deaths, damage etc it has caused

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British sent all available naval vessels, merchant ships, and fishing boats across the English Channel and despite German air attacks, the armada ferried more than 300,000 troops to safety in Britain; this heroic rescue raised British morale

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publicly bound Hitler & Stalin to peaceful relations; but secretly the 2 agreed not to fight if the other went to war to divide up Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe between them

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization; a group of countries including the US and several European countries, which give military help to each other

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an important US naval base in Hawaii, which was suddenly attacked by Japanese planes in December 1941. Many warships were destroyed or damaged, and this caused great shock and anger in the US, and made the US start fighting in World War II.

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The Axis Powers; the 3 countries agreed to fight Soviet communism, and not to interfere with one another's for territorial expansion

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a peace agreement made in 1919 at Versailles in France, following the defeat of Germany in World War I, between Germany and the allies (=the countries that fought against Germany in the war, including France, Russia, the UK, and the US). According to the treaty, Germany lost some of its land and had to agree to pay large amounts of money to the allies for damage caused by the war. The treaty also established the League of Nations

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an international organization that was established after World War I to encourage countries to work together and achieve international peace. It was replaced in 1946 by the United Nations

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channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort

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United States policy, established in 1947, of trying to contain the spread of communism

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1st meeting in April 1945, 50 nations met to draft the charter for the UN; each member nation has 1 vote in the General Assembly; a smaller body, the Security Council has greater power and is made up of 5 permanent members: The U.S., Russia, Britain, France, and China; final ratification in Oct. 1945; currently 192 member countries

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Victory in Europe Day; May 8th 1945, the day on which victory in Europe in World War II was celebrated

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