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| An 1854-56 war between Russia and Turkey. England entered the war on the side of Turkey in order to protect her Mediterranean sea routes. The famous battle "The Charge of the Light Brigade" took place in this war. |
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| The war between Prussia and France in 1870 that led to the unification of Germany and the downfall of the French king at that time. |
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| A war between Russia and Japan in 1904 that led to a terrible defeat for the Russians and the loss of 400,000 troops |
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| A Treaty between Russia and the Ottoman empire at the end of the Russo-Turkish war in 1877, which led to the independence of Bulgaria |
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| In 1878, European powers overturned the Treaty of San Stefano and started the crisis in the Balkans that would lead to WWI |
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| n March 1, 1896, eleven years after the Berlin Conference or what historians call ‘the Scramble for Africa’, the Ethiopian army led by Emperor Menelik II decisively defeated the Italian army at the Battle of Adwa. |
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| A meeting to establish procedures that included Germany in the "scramble for Africa" by Europe |
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| Samoan Island Conflict 1889 |
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| A controversey involving the U.S., Great Britain, and Germany over the Samoan Islands in the Pacific ocean threatened to break out into armed conflict. In 1889 warships of the three nations converged in the region, reflecting the three powers' interest in the civil war being fought on the islands. A showdown among the naval vessels in the harbor of Apia was averted only when a fierce storm destroyed all the warships except one English vessel. |
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| In 1907, England and Russia agreed to divide Persia into two "spheres of influence", north and south |
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