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Definition
| a country's reliance on military strength |
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| the extension of a nation's power over other lands |
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-called for a two-front war with France and Russia
-German plan
-Go through Belgium to get to France, defeat France, then move all forces to Russia |
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| Marne was not far from Paris, the French army stopped the German one as it was invading here. |
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| German submarines, used to set up a blockade against Great Britain |
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| The area of land between two opposing side's trenches. Troops would try to run across to get to the other side. They would usually die. |
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| a battle where neither side is able to gain very much ground |
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| A British passenger ship that German u-boats sunk. This irritated the US because US passengers died on the boat. |
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| The name that anti-German propaganda posters used for the Germans, as Germans were of Hun descent. The idea that Germans killed because they were German. |
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| an agreement to stop fighting |
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-The treaty that ended WWI
-signed in the Hall of Mirrors in Versailles Palace on June 28, 1919
-Blamed Germany of the war, made Germany pay reparations, arms reduced, territory lost (BRAT) |
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Term
| What countries formed the Triple Alliance? |
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Definition
| Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary |
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Term
| What countries formed the Triple Entente? |
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Definition
| Great Britain, France, and Russia |
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Term
| Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand? |
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Definition
-heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary
-assassinated in Bosnia by Gavrilo Princip |
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Term
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Definition
| -A Bosnian Serb who was part of the Serbian terrorist group the Black Hand. He assassinated Gavrilo Princip |
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Term
| Who was ruling Russia at the beginning of WWI? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Russia and Germany turn against each other in war? |
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Definition
| Russia mobilized its troops against Germany, who told Russia that it had 12 hours to gtfo. Russia didn't leave so Germany declared war. |
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Term
| Which front was marked by mobility? Which by trench warfare? |
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Definition
Eastern-mobility
Western- trench warfare |
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Definition
| Italy, Great Britain, Russia, US [eventually], France, Serbia, Japan, China |
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Definition
| Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, |
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Definition
-US president during WWI
-Fourteen Points peace plan
-League of Nations
-U.S. representative in the Big Four |
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Term
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Definition
Militarism: countries building up armies, arms race
Imperialism
Nationalism: strong sense of nationalism --> many groups want independence
Communism
Alliances |
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Term
| What side was Belgium on, and how was it pulled into WWI? |
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Definition
-Neutral
-Germany went through Belgium to get to France |
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Term
| Why did Great Britain enter WWI? |
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Definition
| They signed a treaty that protected Belgian neutrality, and then German invaded Belgium so Britain was angry and declared war on Germany. |
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Term
| Why did Austria-Hungary enter the war? |
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Definition
-Belief that Serbia was responsible for the assassination of the Archduke
-Serbia rejected their ultimatum |
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Term
| What ultimatum did AH give to Serbia? |
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Definition
| -let them investigate the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
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Term
| Why did Germany enter WWI? |
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Definition
| Dual Alliance and Triple Alliance with AH |
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Term
| Why did Serbia enter WWI? |
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Definition
-AH annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, so Serbia couldn't become a large kingdom
-rejected AH ultimatum |
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Term
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Definition
-Russo-Japanese War and Bloody Sunday
-assumed role of commander-in-chief of Russian army in the Great War and left Tsarina Alexandria and Rasputin to rule
-forced to abdicate throne |
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Term
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Definition
-gained influence in Russian government after being welcomed into the royal family by Tsarina Alexandria because he could heal her son
-disliked by Russian people because of bad reputation
-assassinated by the Duma |
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Term
| Who was Alexander Kerensky? |
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Definition
-leader of the Russian provisional government
-Stayed in WWI
-had very little authority |
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Definition
-leader of the Bolsheviks (Communists) who was known for violent revolutions
-signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
-helped the Communists triumph in Russian civil war |
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Term
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Definition
Indian independence leader
used nonviolent resistance (civil disobedience) to help India gain its independence |
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Definition
non-violent resistance
(ex: don't follow an unjust law) |
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Term
| Who was Jawaharlal Nehru? |
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Definition
upper class and intellectual Indian politician who studied law in Great Britain
-secular, Western, and modern approach to independence |
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Term
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Definition
-Chinese nationalist who was against Communists
-stuck the Communists in the Shanghai Massacre and later attacked their army again
-founded a new Chinese republic at Nanjing
-announced period of training to prepare China for constitutional government
-“New Life Movement” to promote Confucian ideas |
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Term
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Definition
Communist
-led army in Long March and eventually reached safety in northern China |
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Term
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Definition
President Woodrow Wilson’s peace plan that called for just and lasting peace
-League of Nations = 14th point |
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Definition
| payments to cover the cost of war |
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Term
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Definition
-Communists led by Lenin
-led October Revolution
-Known as Red Army |
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Term
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Definition
-anti-communist
-Known as White Army |
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Term
| Hussein-McMahon Correspondence: |
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Definition
Hussein would encourage the Arabs to -revolt against the Ottoman Empire and enter WWI on the allied side, in return British would recognize independence of Arabs in certain areas
-disagreed on what areas had been included (PALESTINE) |
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Term
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Definition
| secret pact between Great Britain and France to divide areas of the Middle East into territories of direct and indirect control of France and Great Britain |
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Term
| What territories did Britain and France gain from the Sykes-Picot Agreement? |
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Definition
GB - Iraq and Jordan
France - Lebanon and Syria
*Palestine was undecided |
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Term
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Definition
-Britain intended to establish a homeland for the Jews in Palestine
-made to win Jewish support of the Allies |
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Definition
| led by Gandhi in protest of the British Salt Acts |
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Term
| Why did Russia enter WWI? |
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Definition
| -Allied with Serbia in support of Slavic peoples |
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Term
| Why did France enter WWI? |
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Definition
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Term
| WWI was the first war where... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| war based on wearing other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses |
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Term
| Why did Russia withdraw from the war? |
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Definition
-heavy losses
-2 revolutions back home that caused a lot of internal turmoil |
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Term
| What was the War Guilt Clause in the Treaty of Versailles? |
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Definition
| Germany and AH fully responsible for starting the war; Germany is responsible for all war damages |
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