Term
| Name for Anterior portion of the hand |
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Definition
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Term
| Name for Posterior portion of the hand |
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Definition
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Term
| Name for Flexion of the hand |
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Definition
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Term
| Name for extension of the hand |
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Definition
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Term
| Name for radial deviation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction |
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Term
| How many bones are in the hand? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many joints are in the hand? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many muscles are in the hand |
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Definition
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Term
| How many muscles in the hand are intrinsic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the hand |
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Definition
| Extrinsic muscles originate outside of the hand (usually medial and lateral epicondyles of the elbow) |
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Term
| What are the 29 types bones in the wrist |
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Definition
8 carpal
5 metacarpal
14 phalanges
Radius
Ulna |
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Term
| How are carpal bones positioned? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are sesamoid bones located in the hand? |
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Definition
-In the flexor tendon of the thumb
-others may occur in joints of fingers |
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Term
| Dorsal tubercle (Liser's) |
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Definition
-Grooved on either side for extensor tendons
-Serves as pulley to redirect the pull of extensor pollicis longis |
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Term
| Distal Surface of the Radius articulates with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Distal surface of the radius is shaped... |
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Definition
| biconcave, continuous articular surface |
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Term
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Definition
-decreases shear forces on the distal radius
10-15 degree anterior tilt
15-25 degree medial tilt |
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Term
| Shear force to the top of the hand could cause |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Articulation with radius
2/3 - 3/4 of perimeter covered with articular cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| attachment for apex of fibrocartilaginous disc |
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Term
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Definition
U-shaped articular surface
Articulation with fibrocartilaginous disc |
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Term
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Definition
comprised of 8 carpal bones
Radius
Ulna |
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Term
| Proximal Row of the wrist |
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Definition
Scaphoid (boat-shaped)
Lunate (moon-shaped)
Triquetrum (three-cornered)
Pisiform (pea-shaped) |
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Term
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Definition
Trapezium (greater-multangular)
Trapezoid (lesser-multangular)
Capitate (head-shaped)
Hamate (hooked) |
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Term
| Anatomical Snuff Box Borders |
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Definition
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus |
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Term
| Anatomical Snuff Box Contents |
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Definition
Scaffoid
Trapezium
Radial Artery |
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Term
| Which bone serves as a pulley |
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Definition
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Term
| Carpal bones form a three-sided arch which creates what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Concaves on the anterior side
Spanned by transverse carpal ligament |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Distal head of metacarpals |
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Definition
-Almost perfectly round
-Articular cartilage covers anterior and distal surfaces and extends lightly on posterior surface
-Allowsslight hyperextension at MCP joints |
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Term
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Definition
-3 in each finger, 2 in the thumb
-prominent central groove on head of proximal and middle phalanges
-Affects the direction of Flex/Ext
-Fingers converge towards the base of the thumb during flexion |
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Term
| Sesamoid Bones in the phalanges |
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Definition
-Typically found in tendons of the flexor pollicis brevis and adductor pollicis
-Less common in the tendons distal to the MCP joints of the fingers |
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Term
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Definition
Stabilizes the flexor tendons of the fingers
-5 Annular ligaments
-3 Cruciate Ligaments |
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Term
| Distal Radioulnar articulation |
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Definition
Pivot-type joint
Minimal bony support
Joint capsule and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)provide support |
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Term
| Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) |
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Definition
Triangular fibrocartilage
Dorsal radioulnar ligament
Volar radioulnar ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament complex
Meniscus homologue |
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Term
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Definition
| Articulation between the radius and proximal row of carpal bones |
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Term
| What are the only bones that articulate DIRECTLY with the radius |
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Definition
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Term
| Triquetrum articulates with what? |
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Definition
| the distal surface of triangular fibrocartilage |
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Term
| The joint capsule encloses what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Junction between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones |
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Term
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Definition
Proximal concavity:
scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Distal scaphoid, trapezium and trapezoid |
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Term
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Definition
| Articulations between adjacent carpal bones within each row |
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Term
| Intercarpal Joints are stabilized by what? |
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Definition
| joint capsule, extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments |
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Term
| Transverse Carpal Ligament |
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Definition
Supports entire carpal arch
Taut in max pronation and supination |
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Term
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Definition
Contents of carpal tunnel are compressed
Disabling overuse injury |
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Term
| Intercarpal Joints are only loose when? |
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Definition
| In the semipronated position |
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Term
| Intercapal Joints are tight when? |
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Definition
| both supination AND pronation |
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Term
| What are the joints of the fingers? |
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Definition
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP)
Distal Interphalangeal (DIP) |
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Term
| MCP of the finger joint is what type of joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| Proximal interphalangeal joint of the finger is what kind of joint? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of joint is the Distal Interphalangeal Joint of the finger? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of joint is the MCP of the thumb? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of joint is the Interphalangeal (IP) joint of the thumb? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of joint is the Carpometacarpal (CMC) joint? |
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Definition
| Saddle joint (trapezium & 1st Metacarpal) |
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Term
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Definition
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction |
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Term
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Definition
Flexion
Extension
MCP joints also abduct and adduct |
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Term
| Flexion of the wrist/hand |
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Definition
| Movement of palm of hand and/or phalanges toward anterior aspect of forearm |
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Term
| Extension of the wrist/hand |
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Definition
| Movement of back of hand and/or phalanges toward posterior aspect of forearm |
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Term
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Definition
| Middle Phalange is reference point to differentiate the two |
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Term
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Definition
-Movement of the thumb,index & middle fingers laterally toward the radial side of the hand
-Movement of the ring & little fingers medially toward ulnar side of hand |
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Term
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Definition
-Medial movement of thumb, index & middle fingers toward ulnar side of the hand
-Lateral movement of ring & little finger toward radial side of the hand |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of thumb side of hand toward lateral aspect or radial side of forearm |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of fingers away from middle |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of little finger side of hand toward medial aspect or ulnar side of forearm |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of fingers toward middle finger |
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Term
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Definition
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Opposition |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of the thumb across palmar aspet to oppose any or all of the phalanges |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of the thumb as it returns to anatomical position from opposition with hand and/or fingers |
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Term
| two types of grip strength |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Flexion at all 3 finger joints (MCP, PIP, & DIP) |
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Term
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Definition
-May be only limited flexion at the PIP & DIP joints
-Only 1 or 2 fingers may be involved |
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Term
| EXTRINSIC muscles of the wrist &hand are grouped according to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 6 muscles that move the wrist but not the fingers and thumb |
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Definition
Wrist Flexors:
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Extensors:
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris |
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Term
| Flexors of the phalanges also weakly involved in wrist actions |
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Definition
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicislongus |
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Term
| Extensors of the phalanges also weakly involved in wrist actions |
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Definition
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis |
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Term
| Abductor of the thumb & wrist also weakly involved in wrist actions |
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Definition
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Term
| ALL wrist FLEXORS generally have? |
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Definition
Origins on anteromedial aspect of prximal forearm and medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertions on anterior aspect of wrist & hand |
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Term
| Median nerve & all flexor tendons except for which, pass through carpal tunnel? |
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Definition
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus |
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Term
| ALL wrist EXTENSORS generally have? |
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Definition
Origins on posterolateral aspect of proximal forearm & lateral humeral epicondyle
Insertions located on posterior aspect of wrist & hand |
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Term
| Flexor & Extensor Retinaculum |
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Definition
| Transverse bands of tissue |
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Term
| Flexor & Extensor Retinaculum location |
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Definition
| Immediately proximal to wrist |
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Term
| Flexor & Extensor Retinaculum Function |
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Definition
-Hold flexor and extensor tendons in place
-Prevent "bowstringing" of tendons |
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Term
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Definition
| Generally cross wrist joint anterolaterally & posterolaterally to insert on radial side of hand |
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Term
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Definition
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis |
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Term
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Definition
| Cross wrist joint anteromedially & posteromedially to insert on the ulnar side of hand |
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Term
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Definition
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris |
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Term
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Definition
| Origins & Insertions located on bones INSIDE the hand |
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Term
| Intrinsic muscles on Radial side |
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Definition
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis |
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Term
| Intrinsic muscles on Ulnar side |
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Definition
Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitiminimi brevis |
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Term
| 11 Remaining Intrinsic Muscles |
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Definition
4 Lumbricales
3 Palmar interossei
4 Dorsal interossei |
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Term
| Muscles located anteromedially at elbow & forearm and anterior at hand that is primarily for WRIST FLEXION |
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Definition
Flexor carpiradialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus |
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Term
| Muscles located anteromedially at elbow & forearm and anterior at hand and primarily for WRIST & PHALANGEAL FLEXION |
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Definition
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus |
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Term
| Muscles located posterolaterally at elbow & forearm and posterior at hand and primarily WRIST EXTENSION |
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Definition
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris |
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Term
| Muscles located posterolaterally at elbow & forearm and posterior at hand primarily for WRIST & PHALANGEAL EXTENSION |
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Definition
Extensor digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus |
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Term
| Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle |
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Definition
Primary: Wrist flexion
Secondary: Wrist abduction
Weak elbow flexion
Weak radioulnar pronation |
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Term
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Definition
Primary: Wrist flexion
Secondary: Weak elbow flexion |
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Term
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle |
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Definition
Primary: Wrist flexion
Wrist adduction
Secondary: Weak elbow flexion |
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Term
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle |
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Definition
Primary: Wrist Extension
Wrist Adduction
Secondary: Weak elbow extension |
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Term
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle |
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Definition
Wrist Extension
Wrist abduction |
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Term
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle |
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Definition
Primary: Wrist extension
Wrist abduction
Secondary: Weak elbow flexion
Weak pronation (from fully supinated to neutral position) |
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Term
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle |
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Definition
Primary: MCP & PIP flexion of the 4 fingers
Secondary: Wrist flexion
Weak elbow flexion |
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Term
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus Muscle |
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Definition
Primary: Finger flexion (all joints) 2nd-5th phalanges
Secondary: Wrist flexion |
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Term
| Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle |
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Definition
Primary: Thumb flexion
Secondary: Wrist flexion
Wrist abduction |
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Term
| Extensor Digitorum Muscle |
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Definition
Primary: Finger extension 2nd-5th phalanges
Secondary: Wrist extension
Weak elbow extension |
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Term
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Definition
Primary: Index finger extension
Secondary: Weak wrist extension
Weak supination |
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Term
| Extensor digiti minimi muscle |
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Definition
Primary: Pinky finger extension
Secondary: Weak wrist extension
Weak elbow extension |
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Term
| Extensor Pollicis Longus Muscle |
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Definition
Primary: Thumb extension
Secondary: Wrist extension
Wrist abduction
Weak supination |
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Term
| Extensor Pollicis Brevis Muscle |
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Definition
Primary: Thumb CMC & MCP extension
Secondary: Wrist extension
Wrist abduction |
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Term
| Abductor Pollicis Longus Muscle |
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Definition
Primary: Thumb CMC abduction
Secondary: Thumb CMC extension
Wrist abduction
Weak wrist flexion
Weak supination |
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Term
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Definition
| muscular pad on palmar surface of 1st metacarpal |
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Term
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Definition
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis |
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Term
| Which muscles act on the CMC of the thumb? |
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Definition
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Adductor pollicis |
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Term
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Definition
| Opposition in thumb metacarpal |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Primary: Flexes thumb metacarpal
Flexes proximal phalanx of thumb
Secondary: Abduct thumb metacarpal |
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Term
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Definition
Primary: Adducts thumb metacarpal
Flexes thumb metacarpal
Secondary: Flexes proximal phalanx of thumb |
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Term
| Hypothenar eminence location |
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Definition
| muscular pad that forms ulnar border on palmar surface |
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Term
| Muscles included in Hypothenar eminence |
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Definition
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digitiminimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi |
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Term
| Which muscles act on the little finger |
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Definition
Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis |
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Term
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Definition
| Opposition of little finger |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Flexor digiti minimi brevis |
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Definition
Primary: flexes 5th metacarpal
Secondary: Abducts little finger MCP joint |
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Term
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Definition
3 Palmar interossei
4 dorsal interossei
4 lumbrical muscles |
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Term
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Definition
Primary: Abducts 2nd-4th MCP joints
3rd dorsal interossei adducts middle finger
Secondary: Flex 2nd-4th MCP joints
Extension of 2nd-4th PIP & DIP joints
DAB |
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Term
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Definition
Primary: Adducts the 2nd,4th, & 5th MCP joints
Secondary: Flex the 2nd, 4th, & 5th MCP joints
Extend the 2nd, 4th, & 5th PIP & DIP joints
PAD |
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Term
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Definition
Flex the 2nd-5th MCP joints
Extend the 2nd-5th PIP & DIP joints |
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